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Bones and the Skeletal System

Bones and the Skeletal System. Advanced Biology 2013. Bones Cartilage Ligaments. Bones. Osseous Tissue (Connective tissue). Types of Bones. Long Bones Longer than they are wide Produce body movements Short Bones Equal in length and width Limited motion (Gliding) Flat Bones

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Bones and the Skeletal System

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  1. Bones and the Skeletal System Advanced Biology 2013

  2. Bones • Cartilage • Ligaments

  3. Bones • Osseous Tissue (Connective tissue)

  4. Types of Bones • Long Bones • Longer than they are wide • Produce body movements • Short Bones • Equal in length and width • Limited motion (Gliding) • Flat Bones • Enclose and protect soft organs • Provide area for muscle attachment • Irregular Bones • Vertebrae, Sphenoid, Ethmoid

  5. Long Bones • Compact Bone (dense) – surrounds the medullary cavity which contains the bone marrow • Spongy Bone (cancellous)- loosely organized form of bone tissue • Diaphysis-Shaft, provides leverage • Epiphysis-Expanded head, strengthens the joints • Articular Cartilage-Where one bone meets another, Hyaline cartilage

  6. Fig. 30-4 Cartilage Spongy bone (contains red bone marrow) Spongy bone Compact bone Central cavity Yellow bone marrow Fibrous connective tissue Blood vessels Cartilage

  7. Flat Bones • 2 layers of compact bone which encloses a middle layer of spongy bone (dipole)

  8. Bone Cells • Osteogenic Cells- Bone producing cells • Osteoblasts-Bone forming cells • Osteocytes-Former osteoblasts-help pass nutrients and chemical signals to each other • Osteoclasts-Bone dissolving cells, on bone surface

  9. Bone Marrow • Red Marrow- Childhood, produces blood cells • In adults, Red marrow is only present in vertebrae, ribs,sternum, and proximal heads of humerus and femur • Yellow-Young-middle aged adults, fatty and no longer producing blood cells • Gelatinous-Old age

  10. Fig. 30-3a Skeleton Skull Clavicle Shoulder girdle Scapula Sternum Ribs Humerus Vertebra Radius Ulna Pelvic girdle Carpals Phalanges Metacarpals Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges

  11. Fig. 30-3b 7 cervical vertebrae Intervertebral discs 12 thoracic vertebrae 5 lumbar vertebrae Hip bone Sacrum Coccyx

  12. Fractures

  13. Healing of Fractures • 1. Hematoma Formation-Clot • 2. Formation of granulation tissue • 3. Callus formation (4-6 weeks) • 4. Remodeling (3 months)

  14. Joints • Fibrous Joints- Sutures • Cartilaginous Joints- Vertebrae • Bony Joints- Mandible/frontal bone • Synovial Joints • Ball and socket, Hinge, Saddle, Pivot, Gliding, and Condyloid

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