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Lets recap on last week....

Lets recap on last week. Functionalism. Marxism. What do we know so far?. Ruling class ideology. Karl Marx (1818 – 1883). Capitalist society. False consciousness. A conflict theory. Louis Althusser. The education system has replaced the church as the main agency for ideological control

brielle-macdonald
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Lets recap on last week....

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  1. Lets recap on last week.... Functionalism

  2. Marxism What do we know so far?

  3. Ruling class ideology Karl Marx (1818 – 1883) Capitalist society False consciousness A conflict theory

  4. Louis Althusser • The education system has replaced the church as the main agency for ideological control • In the past people accepted their place in society/life as ‘God’s will’ • Today, this acceptance comes from their experience in education

  5. Schools transmit an ideology which states that capitalism is fair and reasonable • Schools prepare pupils for their roles in the workforce • Most are trained as workers – taught to accept their future exploitation and are provided with an education/qualifications to match their adult work roles • The future managers, administrators and politicians are trained to control the workforce. Their educational qualifications legitimate their position of power , and they become the “agents of exploitation”

  6. Bowles and Gintis (1976) ‘Schooling in Capitalist America’ • Correspondence between the social relationships in the classroom and those in the workplace • i.e. Teachers give orders, pupils expected to obey. Pupils have little control over the work they do and the curriculum they follow. This corresponds to their later experience of lack of control in the workplace

  7. What sorts of things are you taught at school? punctuality independence obedience hard work creativity time keeping

  8. Punctuality: workers must be on time for work, and be good time keepers. Obedience: workers must be obedient and follow orders given to them by their employers; the ruling class. Hard Work: workers must work hard at all times for the capitalist system to be successful. Discourage independence: workers must follow rules and guidelines put in place by their employers; deviation is not acceptable. Discourage creativity: there is no place for creativity in capitalism. These are in line with the requirements of employers in capitalist society

  9. Another example... Young people get little satisfaction from education, they are motivated by external rewards such as qualifications. This is reflected in the workplace... Work doesn’t provide any intrinsic satisfaction, workers are motivated by rewards such as pay.

  10. Bowles and Gintis argue that this correspondence between school and the workplace effectively reproduces labour power from one generation to the next

  11. Bowles and Gintis also believe... • Capitalist society is unequal • If this inequality was seriously questioned it might threaten social stability To avoid this, society must promote the belief that inequality is fair

  12. Education legitimises inequality by teaching the myth that education offers everyone an equal chance • Those who achieve high qualifications and good jobs, deserve their success • Therefore, social inequality appears fair and legitimate

  13. Evaluation of Marxism • Althusser and Bowles & Gintis both assume that the hidden curriculum actually influences pupils (do pupils really listen to teachers’ authority, school rules and discipline?) • Bowles & Gintis ignore the influence of the formal curriculum: subjects like sociology produce critical thinkers (they believed that education discourages creativity and free thinking, which are not in line with capitalist ideas)

  14. Functionalism vs. Marxism Education makes social class inequalities seem fair, by persuading working-class people to accept that their lack of power is due to their lack of ability, effort and achievement Education justifies and explains social inequality, as jobs are allocated according to meritocratic criteria (i.e. Qualifications)

  15. Functionalism vs. Marxism Education binds, socialises and integrates society and its members Education’s function is to reproduce a capitalist society

  16. Functionalism vs. Marxism Education just confirms individuals’ place in society and what job they will go on to get (just reproduces social inequalities) Education provides equal opportunities for upward social mobility for those who have ability, as we live in a meritocracy

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