Grammar: 直接引语 变 间接引语 1. 直接引语与间接引语的概念： 说话人 直接引用 别人的 原话 叫 直接引语 。

1. Grammar: 直接引语变间接引语 1.直接引语与间接引语的概念： 说话人直接引用别人的原话叫直接引语。 说话人用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来叫间接引语。 间接引语用途更为普遍。 2.直接引语变间接引语时要注意： (1)变间接引语时根据意思改变人称。 (2)间接引语中的谓语要与主句的谓语时态一致。

2. 一、如何变人称： 口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新。 “一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。主从句中的主语的人称要一致 如： He said. “My brother wants to go shopping . ” →He said his brother wanted to go shopping . She said. “I am hard-working every day.” 我每天都很认真学习 She said she was hard-working every day .

3. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语和宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。主从句中宾语的人称要一致。“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语和宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。主从句中宾语的人称要一致。 如：He said to Kate. “How is your sister now?” →He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语和宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不变 Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good boy.” →Mr. Smith said Jack was a good boy.

4. 间接引语 直接引语 时态变化： 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 过去时态

5. 直接引语 间接引语 am/is was are were have/has had would will can could do did

6. 二、如何变时态： 直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。 1) 一般现在时→一般过去时态； She said: “ I am a student. ” →She said she was a student. 2)一般将来时→过去将来时 She said, "He will go to see his friend.” →She said hewould go to see his friend。Tom said, “ I am going to play basketball tomorrow.” → Tom said he was going to play basketball tomorrow. 3) 现在进行时→过去进行时； She said ,“I am reading a book.” →She said she was reading a book.

7. We are swimming. They said they wereswimming. I am playing the trumpet. He said he wasplaying the trumpet. I can fly in the sky. She said she could fly in the sky.

8. 注意：以下几种情况时态不变 ①直接引语是客观真理,时态不变。 The teachersaid"The earth moves around the sun .” → The teacher said  the earth moves around  the sun. ②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。 Jack said. “I was doing chores when Tom came to see me”→Jack said he was doing chores when Tom came to see him. ③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Jack said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980." →Jack said he was born on April 21, 1980.

9. ④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或 习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He said, “I get up at six every morning。”  →He said he gets up at six every morning. ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式,时态不变。 （例：could, should, would, might） The doctor said, “You should stay in bed for 2 days.” →The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.” ⑥已经是过去时的形式时,（例：ought to，had better, used to） Peter said. “You had better come here today.”  →Peter said I had better go there that day.

10. 三、如何变状语： 直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律. 时间状语由“现在”改为“原来” （例：now变为then, yesterday变为the day before, today变为that day He said, ”I want to go swimming now. ” → He said he wanted to go swimming then. 地点状语，尤其表示方向性的， here 变there The teacher said ,“ You should come here at 7:00.” →The teacher said I should go there at 7:00. 指示代词 修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼” 例：this 改为that, these改为those He said, “This books is mine.”  →He said that book  was his.

11. 直接引语 间接引语 now then this 时间状语及其它 that today → that day tomorrow the next day yesterday the day before this afternoon that afternoon

12. 四、如何变句型： 一. 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导 的宾语从句。 She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.” →She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.

13. Period 1 Iam Mimi. 人称 What did he say?

14. 直接引语：He said ,“Iam Mimi.” 间接引语：He said he was Mimi. 人称

15. I don’t like cleaning the room. 时态 What did he say? 直接引语：He said, “I don’t like cleaning the room. 间接引语：He said he didn’t like cleaning the room.

16. 所有格 This is my computer. What did he say?

17. 所有格 直接引语：Hesaid , “This ismycomputer.” 间接引语：Hesaid this washiscomputer.

18. 直接引语变为 间接引语注意： 人称 时态 所有格

19. I’m having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night. Marcia Marcia said shewashaving a surprise party for Lana on Friday night. 意外的

20. Lana I’m mad at Marcia. Lana said she was mad(生气) at Marcia. be mad at sb. =be angry with sb. 生某人的气

21. I’m not going to her house on Friday night. Lana said shewas not going to Marcia’s house on Friday night.

22. Lana thinks she’s coming to my house to study. Marcia said that Lana thought she was going to her house to study.

23. We are swimming. They said they wereswimming. I am playing the trumpet. He said he wasplaying the trumpet. I can fly in the sky. She said she could fly in the sky.

24. “Iwant to be a teacher.” She said shewanted to be a teacher.

25. “Iam going to domy homework.” He said hewas going to do his homework.

26. Lana I am mad at Marcia. Lana saidshewasmad at Marcia. be mad at sb./sth. = be angry with sb. 对某人/某事生气/恼火 be mad on / about 狂迷……

27. Marcia Lana thinks she is coming to my house to study. Marcia said that Lana thought shewas going to her house to study.

28. I want to sing. Lana said … I like to draw pictures. Jim said … Lana said she wanted to sing. Jim said heliked to draw pictures.

29. Pan Changjiang is funny. Tom said … The boy is smart. Tom said … Tom said Pan Changjiang was funny. Tom said the boy was smart.

30. My brother has a cold. Ben said … Ben said his brother had a cold.

31. Exercise • 用句中所给词的正确形式填空。（10分） • Dennis _________(help) me to buy the ticket • for yesterday's match. • 2. Ann said she _________(be, not) going to the • sea in the summer holiday. • 3. Ben _________(do) better in English than Scott • when they were children. • 4. Davy said that he _________(can, not) go to school. • 5. Martin told me that it _________ (be, not) true. helped wasn’t did couldn’t wasn’t

32. Exercise 直接引语变为间接引语 1.(Gina) I will call you on Sunday. 2.(Tony) I go camping every week. 3.(Linda) I am upset at my report card. 4.(Tanya) I am learning to speak English. 5.(Kenji) I will go to Sam’s house Friday night. Gina said she would call me on Sunday. Tony said he went camping every week. Linda said she was upset at her report card. Tanya said she was learning to speak English. Kenji said he would go to Sam’s house Friday night.

33. 6. Tom says, “ I am late for class.” Tom said ____ ______ late for class. 7. Amy says, “ I am going to have a party for you .” Amy said ____ ___ going to have a party for me . 8. The boy says,“ I will go home after school.” The boy said ___ ______ go home after school. 9. Jack says, “My father is a doctor.” Jack said ____ father ____ a doctor. 10. The girl says, “I can speak English.” The girl said she ______ speak English. he was she was he would his was could

34. 11. Tony said, “I can play the violin.” Tony said _______________________ 12. Tanya said, “Carol is studying Japanese.” Tanya said____________________________ 13. They said, “We’re going to Sam’s house.” They said_____________________________ 14. Susan said, “ I’m very hungry.” Susan said ___________________ 15. He said, “You have to get up early.” He said ______________________ he could play the violin. Carol was studying Japanese. they were going to Sam’s house. she was very hungry. I had to get up early.

35. He said, "I am proud of my motherland.“ He said he was proud of his motherland. John said, "I wrote back telling him about it yesterday.“ John said he had written back telling him about it the day before. I said, “You will give her some advice tomorrow.“ I said I would give her some advice the next day. .

36. He said, "I'm reviewing my lessons.“ He said he was reviewing his lessons "I'll be very busy today," said the man. The man said he would be very busy that day. Li Ming said, “ I joined the League in August 1980.” Li Ming said that he joined the League in August 1980.

37. 将下列句子改成直接引语I said that there was not any trouble,and I was waiting for my change. I said, “there is not any trouble, and I am waiting for my change. ” They said that they wouldn't go by air only because they hadn't enough money. They said, “We won’t come by air only because we haven’t enough money.” He said that he could hardly support his family. He said, “I can hardly support my family.”

38. 把下列句子从间接引语变为直接引语: 1. Alan said he was not lucky enough. ____________________________________ 2. Scott said his sister wasn't a college student. ____________________________________ 3. Dennis said Mary wouldn't come because she was ill. ____________________________________ 4. He said Lana wasn't hard-working. ____________________________________ 5. She said her parents weren't going to the party with her. ____________________________________

39. Mike’s father said to him, “you ought to work even harder.” His father told Mike that he ought to work even harder. He said to his assistant, “You will not give up the experiment.” He told his assistants that he would not give up the experiment. Wang said to the teacher, “I am not feeling well today.” Wang told the teacher that he was not feeling well that day. 注意：said to told

40. Zhang said to me, “I have a meeting this afternoon , I can’t go with you Zhang told me that he had a meeting that afternoon and that he couldn't go with me. "You are wasting your time day-dreaming!" he said to Mary. He told Mary that she was wasting her time day-dreaming. "You have already done your duty," he said to her He told her that she had already done her duty.

41. 间接引语变直接引语 The worker told me that it would take me two days to finish the work. The worker said to me, “it will take him two days to finish the work.” My brother told me that he was surely to be able to master English. My brother said to me, “ I ‘m surely to be able to master English.”

42. 二. 直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词 或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。 She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?” → She asked me when they had their dinner. She asked me, “What is Jack doing when I come in?” →She asked me what  Jack was doing when she came in.

43. The man asked me, "How many times have you been here?“ The man asked me how many times I had been there. The woman asked him, “Why does he have to sleep in the open air?” The woman asked him why he had to sleep in the open air. Mary wrote in her letter, "Mr. Liu, when will you come to America?“ Mary asked Mr. Liu in her letter when he would go to America

44. Ben asked me “How are you swimming ? Ben asked me … Ben asked me How I was swimming.

45. She asked me ,“Where is the pay phone ? She asked me where the pay phone was . He asked Tom, ”When will the plane take off ? He asked Tom when the plane would take off . She asked me, “What do you play soccer ? She asked me what you played soccer .

46. She asked me, “How many books do you have ?” She asked me how many books I had . She asked me , “Who did you go with ? She asked me who I went with . She asked him , “How much is the cup ?” She asked him how much the cup was .

47. I asked Tom , “Where did you go ?” I asked Tom where he went . I asked her , “What are you doing ?” I asked her what she was doing . She asked me , “How soon will you go to the beach ?” She asked me how soon I would go to the beach .

48. 三 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句， 间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句. Hesaid, “Canyouswim,John?” →HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim. “Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?”  →HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.

49. I asked, “Have you seen the exhibition, Mother?” I asked my mother whether she had seen the exhibition. The teacher asked me, “Is everything ready?” The teacher asked me if everything was ready.

50. He asked me, “ Are you a Party member or a League Member?” He asked me whether I was a Party member or a League Member. “Will you please be quiet?" she said. She asked if we would be quiet. "Did you go to the meeting yesterday?" she asked me. She asked me if I had been to the meeting the day before.