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Easy Grammar

Easy Grammar. TE pg. 2. TE pg. 11. TE pg. 21. TE pg. 21. TE pg. 21. TE pg. 21. TE pg. 29. TE pg. 37. TE pg. 41. TE pg. 62. TE pg. 70. TE pg. 71. Notebook. TE pg. 86. TE pg. 87. TE pg. 100. TE pg. 114. TE pg. 115. TE pg. 122. TE pg. 129. TE pg. 116.

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Easy Grammar

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  1. Easy Grammar TE pg. 2 TE pg. 11 TE pg. 21 TE pg. 21 TE pg. 21 TE pg. 21 TE pg. 29 TE pg. 37 TE pg. 41 TE pg. 62 TE pg. 70 TE pg. 71 • Notebook TE pg. 86 TE pg. 87 TE pg. 100 TE pg. 114 TE pg. 115 TE pg. 122 TE pg. 129 TE pg. 116 TE pg. 148 TE pg. 191 TE pg. 134 TE pg. 187 TE pg. 209 TE pg. 216 TE pg. 202 TE pg. 196

  2. Return to Menu Preposition • A preposition is a part of speech that shows a relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in the sentence. • Location (on, under, in) The boy sat under the table. • Timing (before, after, during) He went after the movie. • Direction (from, toward, to) She went toward the dog.

  3. Return to Menu Prepositional Phases • A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun. (That noun or pronoun is called the Object of the Preposition). • Example: • with my grandfather • (with = preposition) • (grandfather = Object of the preposition) • (with my grandfather = prepositional phrase) noun

  4. Return to Menu More Prepositional Phases noun • The boy looked at a magazine. • (at = preposition) • (magazine) = Object of the preposition) • (at the magazine) = prepositional phrase) abstract • She answered with enthusiasm • (with = preposition) • (enthusiasm) = Object of the preposition) • (with enthusiasm) = prepositional phrase)

  5. Return to Menu Subject • The subject of a sentence is the person, place, thing, or idea that is doing or being something. • Prepositional phrases will almost never be the subject or verb of a sentence. (99%) • Cross out prepositional phrase • Read that which is left in the sentence and ask who or what the sentence is about.

  6. Return to Menu Finding the Subject Verb Subject • A rabbit with long, floppy ears hopped around a cage. • One of the girls trimmed trees in her yard. Subject Verb Note: “One” is the subject because it is the pronoun standing for one girl. “Trees” can not be the subject because the tree did not do the trimming.

  7. Return to Menu Verb • Action Verb - An action verb is a verb that describes an action like run, jump, kick, eat, break, cry, smile, or think. • Linking Verb - A linking verb is a verb that links (connects) the subject of the sentence to information about that subject. Linking verbs do not describe action. • Verbs will never be in a prepositional phrase. • After determining the subject, decide what happens/happened or what is/was in the sentence.

  8. Return to Menu Finding the Verb Verb Subject • The man in the back row clapped for the singer. • Each of the campers is happy. Subject Verb Note: Campers is not the subject because it is part of the Prepositional phrase. Each is the pronoun for each camper. Notice that for subject and verb agreement we use each is(not campers are). Happy is not part of the verb. Conjugate happy by saying, “To happy: Today I happy. Yesterday I happied. Tomorrow I shall happy.”

  9. Return to Menu Verb - Infinitive Form • to + a verb is called an infinitive. Place an infinitive in parentheses. • Examples: to look, to fly, to sing, to play • Cross out any prepositional phrase(s). • Underline the subject once and verb twice She walked onto the stage to dance. Subject Verb Infinitive

  10. Return to Menu Verb Phrases • A Verb Phrase is composed of at least one helping (auxiliary) verb plus a main verb. • Cross out any prepositional phrase(s). • Underline the subject once and verb twice The hotel maid has cleaned all of the rooms. PP Subject Helping Verb

  11. PP PP Return to Menu More Verb Phrases Helping Verb Her idea was given to the leader. Subject Verb Prepositional phrase (PP) Helping Verb Subject Was a man with his backpack sitting along the road? Verb Important Note: In an interrogative (question) sentence type, look for the helping verb at the beginning of the sentence.

  12. Return to Menu List of Helping Verbs

  13. Return to Menu Not and (n’t) • Not (n’t) is never a verb. • Not is an adverb. • Box not or n’t as soon as you read the sentence. • Never double underline not or n’t as part of the verb phrase

  14. Return to Menu Compounds • Compound means more than one. • Three types of compounds • Compound Object of the preposition • Compound Subject • Compound Verb

  15. Return to Menu Compound Object of the Preposition • A prepositional phrase may end with two or more objects. • When a prepositional phrase ends with a noun or pronoun followed by and or or, check if another noun or pronoun follows it. They went with their mom and dad. Compound PP Verb Subject

  16. Return to Menu Compound Subject • There may be a compound subject in a sentence. Clues: and or or • This means there are two or more subjects. Verb PP During the game, Tom and his brother cheered. Compound Subject

  17. Compound Verb Return to Menu Compound Verb • Sometimes there are two or more verbs in a sentence. • Clues: and or or Subject PP Barry caught the ball and threw it to second base.

  18. Return to Menu Imperative Sentences • An imperative sentence give a command. • (You) is termed “You understood.” • Stay here. • (You) Stay here. • Please look at the camera. • (You) Please look at the camera. • Hang the calendar on the wall. • (You) hang the calendar on the wall. Verb Subject Verb Prepositional Phrase Subject Verb Prepositional Phrase Subject

  19. Return to Menu Preposition or Adverb? • A preposition must be followed by a pronoun or noun to be a prepositional phrase. • If the preposition is not followed by a pronoun or noun, then it becomes an Adverb?

  20. Return to Menu Preposition or Adverb? • Cross out the prepositional phrase if a pronoun or noun follows the preposition. • If the preposition is not followed by a pronoun or noun, then place “ADV.” over the word. Verb ADV. Prepositional Phrase Subject • Janet went inside with her pets. • During their vacation, they camped out in the woods. Prepositional Phrase Verb ADV. Prepositional Phrase Subject

  21. Return to Menu Direct Object • Direct Objects receive the action of the verb. • Since Direct Objects are rarely in Prepositional Phrases cross them out first. • Mark and label subject and verb. • Place D.O. over the direct object. Verb D.O. Prepositional Phrase Subject Example: I dropped a quarter on the floor.

  22. Return to Menu More Direct Objects Verb D.O. Subject • I kicked the chair. • The teacher wrote a note. • I threw paper into the trash. (Object Kicked = Chair) Verb D.O. Subject (Object written = note) Verb D.O. Prepositional Phrase Subject (Object thrown = paper) Compound Direct Objects Verb D.O. D.O. Subject 4. The man bought a tie and a shirt. (Object bought = tie and shirt)

  23. Return to Menu Verbs • Infinitive - (to + a verb) • - to run, to see, to raise, to enjoy, to go... • Action Verb - Shows action (run, jump, swim...) • Fact - Jane needs a new book. • - An apple is on the floor. • Linking Verbs - Links two parts in the sentence. They link the subject with either a noun or pronoun (called a predicate nominative) or with an adjective (called a predicate adjective).

  24. Return to Menu Contractions • To contract means to draw together. • In forming a contraction, we draw together two words to make one word. • We do this by dropping a letter or letters and inserting an apostrophe (‘) where the letter or letters have been left out. • Two types of contractions • Verb + word • word + verb

  25. Return to Menu Contraction = Verb + Word

  26. Return to Menu Contraction = Word + Verb

  27. Return to Menu Regular Verbs Past Tense/Past Participle • Regular verbs are those verbs that add ed to both the past tense and past participle form. • Tense = Time, so past tense means past time, • Past tense simply shows something has already happened and do not have helping verbs. • Past participle shows past time plus has a helping verb.

  28. Return to Menu Regular Verbs Past Tense/Past Participle (Past Tense) (Tense = Time) • A deli clerk sliced some meat. Mother had ordered some rolls. (Past Participle)

  29. Return to Menu Irregular Verbs • Irregular verbs do not add ed to the past tense. • Today I swim. (Present Tense) Yesterday I swam. (Past Tense) • Usually, the past tense and the past participle form are not the same. Yesterday I ate fried chicken. (Past Tense) (Past Participle) The man had eaten three pieces.

  30. Return to Menu Some Irregular Verbs Note: The past and participle forms of to bring are the same (except for the addition of a helping verb in the past participle form. However, to bring qualifies as an irregular verb because ed is not added to form the past tense.

  31. Return to Menu Irregular Verbs - (A-D) (Must Memorize) * use helping verbs such as has, have, or had.

  32. Return to Menu Irregular Verbs - (E-L) (Must Memorize) * use helping verbs such as has, have, or had.

  33. Return to Menu Irregular Verbs - (R-S) (Must Memorize) * use helping verbs such as has, have, or had. May also use was or were.

  34. Return to Menu Irregular Verbs - (S-W) (Must Memorize) * use helping verbs such as has, have, or had. May also use was or were.

  35. Return to Menu Sit vs. Set • To sit means to rest. • (Think: You will sit down when you want to rest). • To set means to place or put. • (Think: You set the table when you place your plate, fork, cup, and napkin on the table). • Will always have a direct object.

  36. Return to Menu Sit or Set Subject Verb Verb Prepositional Phrase • They are (sitting, setting) in the front row. Note: There is no direct object in the sentence. Also resting can be inserted for sitting. Helping Verb Subject Verb D.O. Prepositional Phrase • She had (sit, set) her boot by the bed. Note: Because boots is the direct object, the answer has to be set. Also, put can be inserted for set.

  37. Return to Menu Rise vs. Raise • To rise means to go up without help. • Rise is an irregular verb. • Does Not have a Direct Object • To raise means to lift or go up (with help) • Raise is a regular verb. Add ed to past and past participle form. • Will always have a Direct object.

  38. Return to Menu Rise or Raise Helping Verb Subject Verb Prepositional Phrase • Smoke was (raising, rising) from the campfire Note: There is no direct object in the sentence. Also, smoke will rise without any help. Subject Verb D.O. Prepositional Phrase • The player (raised, rose) the volleyball over his head. Note: There is a direct object, volleyball. Also the volleyball needed help from the player to go up.

  39. Return to Menu Lie vs. Lay • To lie means to rest. • (Think: You will lie down on the bed when you want to rest). • To lay means to place or put. • (Think: You lay a blanket on your bed). • Will always have a direct object.

  40. Return to Menu Lie or Lay Verb Subject Verb Prepositional Phrase • Anna is (lying, laying) in the sun. Note: There is no direct object in the sentence. Also, can insert resting for lying. Subject Verb D.O. Prepositional Phrase • A doorman (lay, laid) a package on the floor. Note: There is a direct object, package. Also, placed can be inserted for laid.

  41. Return to Menu Action or Fact Verbs Verb Action Verb • The tennis player hit the ball hard. Action Verb Verb • Barry made a doll for his daughter. Verb Fact Verb • George became a fireman. Verb Fact Verb • Their bathroom is upstairs. Note: Verbs that simply state a fact are often called State of Being verbs

  42. Return to Menu Conjugation of To Be Forms of To Be is am are was were are • Present Tense • Singular: • Plural: The Bread is in the cupboard I am hungry. (is used with the singular pronoun you.) You are nice. Those Children are in first grade.

  43. Return to Menu Conjugation of To Be Forms of To Be is am are was were were • Past Tense • Singular: • Plural: The fork was under the chair. (is used with the singular pronoun you.) You were right. Several ducks were on the pond.

  44. Return to Menu Linking Verbs • Linking verbs never show action. • Linking verbs always link the subject with a noun, pronoun, or they link the subject with an adjective (describing word). Subject L.V. noun My neighbor is a cartoonist. Subject L.V. Pronoun The champion was I. Subject L.V. adjective prepositional phrase The referee remained cheerful throughout the game.

  45. Return to Menu Linking Verbs • To check if a verb (other than to be) is serving as a linking verb in a sentence, write a form of to be above it. If the sentence makes sense and the meaning is not changed, the verb serves as a linking verb. Forms of To Be is am are was were Subject L.V. The pie taste good. Subject L.V. My friend became a missionary.

  46. Return to Menu Common Linking Verbs(MUST BE LEARNED AND MEMORIZED)

  47. Return to Menu L.V.: Predicate Nominative • A predicate nominative (P.N.) is a noun (naming word) or a pronoun (I, he, she, we, they, you, it, who) that is the same as the subject of the sentence. • Examples: • My dad is the principal. • Mrs. Kimmel became their Girl Scout leader. L.V. P.N. Subject P.N. Subject L.V.

  48. My the principal. dad Return to Menu L.V.: Finding Predicate Nominatives(Declarative Sentences) • Cross out any prepositional phrases. • Simply invert the sentence starting with the word after the verb in a declarative sentence, tag the verb, and add the complete subject. L.V. • The principal is my dad. is

  49. Miss Levine Return to Menu L.V.: Finding Predicate Nominatives(Declarative Sentences and the form of to be Does Not Appear.) • Cross out any prepositional phrases. • Simply invert the sentence starting with the word after the verb in a declarative sentence, tag the verb, and add the complete subject. • Replace the existing linking verb with an appropriate form of to be. Prepositional Phrase P.N. L.V. Subject • The nurse was Miss Levin the nurse for that company. remained was

  50. Return to Menu L.V.: Finding Predicate Nominatives(Declarative Sentences with a Compound Predicate Nominative.) • Cross out any prepositional phrases. • Simply invert the sentence starting with the word after the verb in a declarative sentence, tag the verb, and add the complete subject. L.V. Compound P.N. Complete Subject • Pizza and steak are their favorite foods. Theirfavoritefoods are pizza and steak.

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