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Understanding Translation: The Process of Protein Synthesis in Cells

This overview explains the translation process, the critical step in protein synthesis where mRNA is translated into proteins. It consists of five key steps: mRNA travels from the nucleus to ribosomes, tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosomes, and the start codon AUG pairs with the tRNA anticodon UAC. As amino acids link through peptide bonds, a polypeptide chain forms until a stop codon signals the end of translation. This foundational process showcases the Central Dogma of Biology, linking DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis.

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Understanding Translation: The Process of Protein Synthesis in Cells

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Goal 4:Translation

  2. I. Protein Synthesis • Translation- the process of making proteins from mRNA • B. 5 STEPS • mRNA travels from the nucleus to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. • tRNA, which carries amino acids, also travels to the ribosome from the cytoplasm. • Start codon (AUG)- this is the first codon on the mRNA that pairs up with the anticodon on the tRNA What are the bases it pairs up with? • UAC

  3. 1 & 2 3

  4. Protein synthesis (con’t) • STEPS (cont.) • amino acids attach to each other as codons and anticodons pair • a. Amino acids link by peptide bonds • b. polypeptide chain forms (many amino acids linked together) • 5. Stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) - these codons are the signals that tell the ribosome to stop translating • a. mRNA is released and the polypeptide (protein) is complete

  5. 4 5

  6. tRNA

  7. DNA-RNA-Protein Protein synthesis

  8. Transcribe and Translate

  9. II. Amino Acid Table A. Use mRNA codon to determine amino acid B. Only write 1st 3 letters of amino acid

  10. III. Summary The Central Dogma of Biology: DNA RNA protein transcription translation

  11. IV. protein structure – 4 levels • 1st level: sequence of amino acids in chain: polypeptide • 2nd level: chain folded • 3rd level: chain twisted • 4thlevel: more than one chain together

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