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Plate tectonics

Plate tectonics. PRESENTED BY-G.S.YADAV J.N.V.-KORBA. Earth Structure. Radius 6300-6400km Thin crust Mantle extends almost halfway to the centre The core makes up the rest. Composition. Low density solid crust floating on an almost solid mantle But overall the Earth is dense

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Plate tectonics

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  1. Plate tectonics PRESENTED BY-G.S.YADAV J.N.V.-KORBA

  2. Earth Structure • Radius 6300-6400km • Thin crust • Mantle extends almost halfway to the centre • The core makes up the rest G S YADAV

  3. Composition • Low density solid crust floating on an almost solid mantle • But overall the Earth is dense • The core must be very dense • Probably made of dense metals nickel and iron • Hot liquid outer core and solid inner core G S YADAV

  4. Rock Cycle • Weathering breaks down the rocks • Erosion wears them into smaller pieces as they are transported towards the sea G S YADAV

  5. Deposition of sediments • Most sediments settle in water • Currents and waves form ripple marks • Evidence can be found for this in the rock • Ripple marks can be preserved in the rock G S YADAV

  6. Sedimentary rocks • Grand Canyon • Youngest rocks at the top • Rocks and fossils older as you go down G S YADAV

  7. Unstable Earth • The Earths crust is subjected to huge forces • Very large forces can fracture the rock • This can be seen as fault lines in the rock layers G S YADAV

  8. Tilted and Folded • Sedimentary rocks are often found tilted • They can also be folded by the huge forces • This has happened at Lulworth cove • Sometimes the rock layers can even be turned upside down G S YADAV

  9. Alfred Wegener • Some people thought the Earth was shrinking and cracking • Wegener thought whole sections of the crust moved (plate tectonics) • Some people did not understand and thought the continents floated around in the oceans (continental drift) • He died before people accepted his ideas G S YADAV

  10. Tectonic plates

  11. Evidence • Same fossils and rocks found in different parts of the world • Africa and South America look like pieces of a jigsaw G S YADAV

  12. Earthquakes • Plates moving in any direction causes earthquakes • The worst are caused by plates rubbing past each other as in C • This happens along the Californian coast G S YADAV

  13. Sea floor spreading • Large continents begin to crack and split apart • The gaps fill with water • Small seas become oceans • The mid ocean ridge continues to produce new crust G S YADAV

  14. Why spread? • Why is the Atlantic still getting wider • The plates are pulled apart by convection currents in the mantle below • Caused by heat released from natural radioactive processes • At the mid Atlantic ridge molten rock from below rises up to fill the gap with new basaltic rock G S YADAV

  15. More evidence • More evidence has been found for Wegeners theory • The Earths North and South pole have flipped many times • These leaves magnetic ‘stripes’ in rock containing iron minerals G S YADAV

  16. So the Earth must be growing? • Dense heavy oceanic crust can be subducted below less denser continental crust. • The friction melts rock • This magma rises through the crust to form new volcanoes • This is happening in South America (The Andes) G S YADAV

  17. Continents Collide • Eventually when plates move together the continental crust collides • The heat and pressure make metamorphic rock • It also pushes and folds the rocks into high mountains • The Himalayas rise to 8848m and are still growing today G S YADAV

  18. This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching. G S YADAV

  19. Assignment • Q1- How many layers of the Earth ? • Q2-Define sial sima and nife ? • Q3-Describe types of rocks ? • Q4-What are plates ? • Q5-Define rock cycle ? • Q6-How many major plates in the earth ? • Q7-How Himalaya was formed ? • Q8-Define Earthquake ? • Q9-Define volcano ? • Q10-What are uses of rocks ? G S YADAV

  20. THANKS G S YADAV

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