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Chapter 3 Earth’s Structure and Materials

Chapter 3 Earth’s Structure and Materials. What is the structure of Earth?. 3.1:Earth’s Interior. Google images. How do Geologists learn about Earth’s interior? . The rocks obtained from the drills give geologist clues about Earth’s structure and conditions deep inside Earth.

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Chapter 3 Earth’s Structure and Materials

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  1. Chapter 3Earth’s Structure and Materials What is the structure of Earth?

  2. 3.1:Earth’s Interior Google images

  3. How do Geologists learn about Earth’s interior? The rocks obtained from the drills give geologist clues about Earth’s structure and conditions deep inside Earth Evidence from Rock Samples Geologist have used two main types of evidence to learn about Earth’s interior: Direct evidence from rock samples and indirect evidence from seismic waves When earthquakes occur, they produce seismic waves. Geologist record these waves and study how they travel through Earth. Evidence from Seismic Waves

  4. The speed of seismic waves and the paths they take give geologists clues about the structure of the planet. The path of the waves reveal areas inside Earth where the makeup or form of material changes.

  5. The deeper down inside the Earth, the greater the pressure Pressure results from a force pressing on an area. The three main layers of Earth are the crust, mantle and core. These layers vary greatly in size, composition, temperature and pressure The mass of the rock that presses down from above affects the temperature inside Earth The temperature inside Earth increases as depth increases What are the features of Earth’s Crust, Mantle, and Core?

  6. The crust is a layer of solid rock that includes both dry land and ocean floor. You interact with the crust when you go rock climbing or hike down a shaded valley. Main elements of the crust is oxygen and silicon Oceanic crust is much like Basalt which is dark fine-grained rock. Continental rock has an over composition like granite which is a light color and has coarse grains The Crust

  7. Uppermost part of the mantle is brittle rock, this is called the lithosphere Below is the asthenosphere it’s a softer layer. Beneath is the mesosphere, it is also called the transition zone. The second layer is called the mantle. This is made of rock that is very hot, but solid. Scientist divide the mantle in layers based on the physical characteristics of those layers The Mantle

  8. The core is made mostly of metals iron and nickel. It consists of two parts: a dense liquid outer core and a dense solid inner core The outer core is a layer of molten metal surrounding the inner core. The outer core is liquid The inner core is a dense ball of solid metal. The Core

  9. Scientist think that movements in the liquid outer core create Earth’s magnetic field The Core and Earth’s Magnetic Field

  10. The movement of energy from warmer objects to cooler objects is heat transferred There are three type of heat transfer: radiation, convection and conduction Radiation: sun rays Convection: movement of fluid Conduction: feet touching hot sand at the beach 3.2: Convection and the Mantle

  11. Heating and cooling a fluid, changes in the fluid’s density and the force of gravity combine to set convection currents in motion How does Convection occur I Earth’s Mantle

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