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Lyme Disease

Lyme Disease. By: JP. A Brief History of Lyme Disease. Lyme Disease was first reported in the town of Old Lyme, USA in 1975. It is most commonly found in the New England States, North Western States and the West Coast. It is not very common in Canada but is still found. Causes.

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Lyme Disease

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  1. Lyme Disease By: JP

  2. A Brief History of Lyme Disease • Lyme Disease was first reported in the town of Old Lyme, USA in 1975. • It is most commonly found in the New England States, North Western States and the West Coast. • It is not very common in Canada but is still found.

  3. Causes • Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete Borreliaburgdoferi. • It is transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected tick. • The bacteria is brought into the body via saliva as the tick feeds.

  4. It takes one to three days for the tick to transmit the disease after it has bitten a person. • Once the tick begins to feed and a person is infected the bacteria multiplies and spreads very quickly. • Lyme Disease is not contagious.

  5. Symptoms • The symptoms and their severity vary from person to person. • There are three stages of Lyme Disease the first of which is usually marked by a big red bulls-eye rash. • Early symptoms generally occur in one to two weeks.

  6. Stage 1 symptoms: Rash, Muscle Pain, Joint Pain, Headaches, and Flu like symptoms. • Stage 2 symptoms: Lesions, Worse Joint Pain, Meningitis, Fatigue, Dizziness, Temporary Paralysis of Facial Muscles, and Swollen Lymph Nodes • Stage 3 symptoms: Chronic Arthritis, Fatigue, Numbness, and Memory loss. • If left untreated in rare cases it can lead to death.

  7. Diagnosis • Diagnosis can be tough because only 20% of people are aware they have been bitten. • Also the symptoms are very like those in other diseases and ticks often carry other disease as well as Lyme Disease. • The three things doctors look for are a history of possible tick exposure, physical symptoms, and a blood test.

  8. A second test know as the Western Blot test is often performed as well because the blood test is not able to completely diagnose it. • Because the bacteria takes a long time to grow in a lab it can take weeks to be positive of the diagnosis.

  9. Prognosis • Excellent in children!  • Adults are more likely to have the symptoms come on strong and stick around a while. • Mortality rate is very low.

  10. Treatment • Medication must be used because the body cannot fight off the disease on its own. • The earlier it is treated the better the results. • The drugs usually clear up the infection and reduce the risk of things going wrong down the road.

  11. The first stage can be beaten with antibiotics usually taken for two to three weeks. • If you don’t treat it till the second or third stage you’ll end up taking antibiotics for about a month. • The dosage and duration will vary based on the severity and the patients individual symptoms.

  12. Prevention • Stay away from wooded and grassy areas in the summer. • Check for ticks and remove them if found. • Thoroughly wash your clothes. • Wear bright colours. • Use insect repellent. • Tuck in loose ends. • Wear closed footwear.

  13. How to Remove a Tick • Find the bite site. • Use tweezers and grab the tick at the head as close to your skin as possible. • Pull straight up to get it out. • Save it to give to doctors to test for diseases. • Clean the bite.

  14. Fun Facts About Lyme Disease! • A Vaccine did exist but was taken off the market. A new one is in the works. • Lyme Disease is likely to become more common because of the increasing number of carrier animals and the increase in human interaction with them. • Lyme Disease was one of the fastest growing diseases in the US of A. • Scientists are studying it to learn how to diagnosis and treat it better.

  15. More Fun Facts!! • America has about 15,000 cases a year. • The tick picks up the bacteria when they bite mice or deer infected with it. • Most people bitten by a tick do not get Lyme Disease. • In Ontario the Blacklegged Tick is the only type which can consistently transmit it. • If caught early its unlikely you’ll get it even if bitten by an infected tick.

  16. Bibliography • Frey, R. (2009). Lyme Disease. In UXL Encyclopedia of Diseases and Disorders (Volume 3, p683-690). New York, New York: Gale CengageLearning. • Yannielli, L. (2004). Deadly Diseases and Epidemics: Lyme Disease. United States of America: Chelsea House Publishers. • PubMed Health. (2011). Lyme Disease. Retrieved November 2, 2011, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002296/ • Ministry of Health and Long-term Care. (2008). Lyme Disease. Retrieved November 7, 2011, from http://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/public/publications/disease/lyme.aspx • LymeDiseaseGuide.org. (2011). A Practical Guide to Lyme Disease. Retrieved November 10, 2011, from http://lymediseaseguide.org

  17. Picture Citations • http://www.canlyme.com/pac.gif • http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/images/thumb/8/8a/Blorrelia_red.gif/300px-Blorrelia_red.gif • http://www.what-is-lyme-disease.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Lyme-Disease-Pictures1.jpg • http://www.indiatalkies.com/images/blood-test55721t.gif • http://rlv.zcache.com/cute_doctor_teddy_bear_photosculpture-p153332998202411127z8wb9_400.jpg • http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_4OxDGP6AnuU/TGGOM7GYJ8I/AAAAAAAAAFc/LdP4kQgjHrE/s320/guy+worried+about+lyme+disease.jpg • http://www.antibioticsandalcohol.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/antibiotics-and-alcohol-drugs.jpg • http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_8hsao9dK0nE/S_QcWsVkE1I/AAAAAAAAABM/S83Ii6IIJcA/s1600/needle-t8768.jpg • http://www.boodrow.com/mainwebsite/images/hiker2.gif • http://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/public/publications/disease/images/tick_removal.gif

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