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Lyme disease

Lyme disease. Presented By Katrina Alyward BNRN Infection Control Practitioner Labrador-Grenfell Health. Lyme disease. Lyme disease was first identified in Lyme, Connecticut (USA) in the mid-1970's

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Lyme disease

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  1. Lyme disease Presented By Katrina Alyward BNRN Infection Control Practitioner Labrador-Grenfell Health

  2. Lyme disease • Lyme disease was first identified in Lyme, Connecticut (USA) in the mid-1970's • Since then it has been located in & found in most Canadian provinces and US States (primarily northeast) • Infections in humans are rarely fatal but can be very painful and may result in long term medical problems

  3. What is Lyme disease? • Lyme disease is caused by a bacteria named Borrelia burgdorferi, which can affect the health of animals and humans • Lyme is called “The Great Imitator,” because its symptoms mimic many other diseases. It can affect any organ of the body, including the brain and nervous system, muscles and joints, and the heart • Experienced doctors recommend that Lyme disease be diagnosed based on an evaluation of your risk and your symptoms

  4. Symptoms of Lyme disease Common symptoms of Lyme disease can include any of the following: • skin rash (erythema migrans) • headache • fever or chills • fatigue • spasms or weakness • numbness or tingling • swollen lymph nodes

  5. Symptoms – less common • dizziness • abnormal heartbeat • muscle and joint pain • paralysis (unable to move parts of your body) • mental confusion or inability to think clearly • nervous system disorders (involving the brain, nerves and/or spinal cord) *Studies indicate the longer Lyme disease is in your body, the more severe your symptoms may become. Early recognition & treatment with antibiotics is recommended

  6. How is Lyme disease spread? • Lyme disease is found to be carried by ticks • Infected ticks can spread the disease to humans through their bite • There are 2 types of ticks that spread Lyme disease in Canada: • western blacklegged tick (British Columbia) • blacklegged tick (other parts of Canada) • Ticks become infected with Lyme disease bacteria by feeding on infected wild animals, such as: Deer, Birds, & Rodents

  7. Where in Canada are you most at risk? • Blacklegged ticks are most often found in: • southern British Columbia • southeastern and south-central Manitoba • southern, eastern and northwestern Ontario • southern Quebec • southern New Brunswick & parts of Nova Scotia

  8. It’s in the News…. 2006 2015 2010

  9. Nation Wide • Lyme disease became nationally notifiable in 2009. Since then, provincial and territorial public health authorities provide human case data to the Canadian Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (CNDSS) • The Government currently has data for Lyme disease cases reported between 2009 and 2015: • 2009: 128 cases • 2010: 132 cases • 2011: 258 cases • 2012: 315 cases • 2013: 682 cases • 2014: 522 cases • 2015: 707 cases (preliminary data)

  10. Lyme disease in NL

  11. When are we at risk? • Although you’re most likely to contract Lyme disease from May through September, it is possible to be infected any time of the year • Endemic areas are areas to be on high alert. However, ticks migrate over large areas by the help of migratory birds. For this reason, ticks may be found outside their usual mapped areas • Once a tick is infected with Lyme disease, it remains a carrier until it dies

  12. How do ticks transmit Lyme disease? • When an infected tick bites you, it begins to feed on blood by inserting it’s mouthparts (not their whole bodies) into the skin of a person, or an animal • Ticks feed slowly and their body gradually enlarges as it feeds, making it more visible. It usually takes from 3 to 7 days for a blacklegged tick to take a complete blood meal

  13. How do ticks transmit Lyme disease? • Ticks are most likely to transmit infection after being attached for more than 24 hours of feeding because the bacteria requires time to migrate from the tick's gut to its salivary glands • Because of this delay, prompt detection and removal of ticks is one of the key methods of preventing Lyme disease

  14. How do we prevent infection? • If you work outdoors or participate in outdoor activities frequently, you may be at a greater risk for tick bites • Be aware of areas which are home to the black-legged tick and take the necessary precautions • If you work or spend time in/near forests or overgrown areas: • Wear closed-toe shoes, long-sleeved shirts and pants • Pull your socks over your pant legs to prevent ticks from crawling up your legs • Wear light-colored clothing to spot ticks easier • Use insect repellents that contain DEET • Shower or bathe within two hours of being outdoors to wash away loose ticks • Complete body checks for ticks on yourself, your children and your pets

  15. What should I do if I have been bitten by a blacklegged tick? • Ticks attach themselves to the skin • Removing ticks within 24 to 36 hours usually prevents infection • Using clean tweezers, grasp the head as close to the skin as possible and slowly pull straight out • Afterwards, wash the site of the bite with soap and water

  16. If symptoms of Lyme disease develop, early oral antibiotics should prevent further complications and treat current symptoms The earlier treatment is received, the better. If the initial infection is not treated, symptoms involving the heart, nervous system or joints can occur Current research suggests that a single course of antibiotics is often insufficient for treating Lyme disease, especially if the infection has been untreated for several months Treatment

  17. Treatment (cont.) • Oral antibiotics are commonly used to treat Lyme in the early stages. If you’re still experiencing symptoms after the first round of treatment, your doctor may prescribe additional oral antibiotics or move directly to intravenous medication • Lyme disease can remain dormant for weeks, months or even years. When symptoms do eventually develop, they can be severe and patients often need aggressive treatment • Intravenous treatment is often required to treat late-stage infection. Late-stage treatment can last many months • Antibiotics can also be given intramuscular

  18. Treatment (cont.) • Chronic Lyme Disease • Chronic Lyme Disease causes continuing, low-grade symptom flare-ups, and can occur when a patient has been infected for more than a year before seeking treatment • When a patient is diagnosed with Chronic Lyme Disease, doctors work to develop an extended treatment plan • Treating Chronic Lyme can last months, years or even longer

  19. ICP’s- What do we do? • If notified that you have someone with Lyme Disease, please remember the following: • Isolation: Routine Practices (not transmitted person to person) • Incubation period: 3–32 days (to initial rash); average 7–10 days • Lyme disease is a reportable disease within our province • Remind staff the tick needs to be removed, if not already done • Tick should be kept in a container to be submitted to our Forestry & Agrifoods Division

  20. Instructions for submitting ticks within NL • Keep tick alive & intact if possible • Place tick in a sealed container with a moist cotton swab (this will help keep it alive or prevent deterioration of the dead tick by slowing desiccation) • Ensure tick cannot escape or fall out during transport.

  21. Instructions for submitting ticks within NL • Complete the “Tick Submission Form” and submit this form along with sealed container • “Tick Submission Form” can be found on the Forestry and Agrifoods Agency NL website • http://www.faa.gov.nl.ca/agrifoods/animals/health/pdf/tick_submission.pdf • Send complete package to: Animal Health Laboratory NL 1st Floor, Provincial Agriculture Building 308 Brookfield Road St. Johns, NL A1E 0B2

  22. In Summary • Lyme disease numbers are growing • Surveillance within Canada and NL indicate cases are increasing • More ticks are found in NL each year • Birds help bring in ticks yearly, however climate changes are indicative that ticks may put down roots at any time • Knowledge and prevention is key • If tick is removed within 24-48hrs of bite, you may refrain acquiring Lyme disease • Early detection and treatment is essential • The longer a person waits for treatment, the symptoms usually worsen and become more serious • Ticks may carry more than Lyme disease • Check for ticks frequently • Submit any findings to the Animal Health Laboratory

  23. Questions?

  24. References • http://healthycanadians.gc.ca/diseases-conditions-maladies-affections/disease-maladie/lyme/symptoms-symptomes-eng.php • http://www.health.gov.nl.ca/health/publichealth/envhealth/lyme05.pdf • Dr. Laura Rogers- Animal Health Division, St. John’s NL • http://www.faa.gov.nl.ca/agrifoods/animals/health/lymedisease.html

  25. References cont. • http://canlyme.com/ • http://www.healthycanadians.gc.ca/diseases-conditions-maladies-affections/disease-maladie/lyme/surveillance-eng.php#a2 • https://www.lymedisease.org/lyme-basics/lyme-disease/about-lyme/ • http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/phn-asp/2013/lyme-0730-eng.php

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