Individual Identification

1. Individual Identification Shurong Zhong (PhD, Associate Pf.) Department of Forensic Biology, KMMU Cell Phone: 18213823198 E-mail: zhongshurong@hotmail.com

2. Graduated from Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , July 2005

3. Got PhD degree, March 2006 Joined School of Forensic Medicine, KMMU, 2006

4. Studied at Cornell University Jan. 2010-Jan. 2011 Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology

5. Teaching

6. Scientific Research Alcohol Dependence Syndrome Candidate Genes

7. Scientific Projects • Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (81000577) (Principal Investigator) Title: Study of pharmacodynamic gene and treatment for alcohol dependence in Yunnan Yi and Miao populations. • Yunnan Natural Science Foundation (2009CD080) (Principal Investigator) Title: Association analyses of genetic polymorphisms of alcohol metabolism related genes with alcohol dependence syndrome in Yi and Miao minority populations in Yunnan province. • Yunnan Natural Science Foundation (2007C223M) (Principal Investigator) Title: Association analyses of genetic polymorphisms of DRD2, DRD4 and COMT with alcohol dependence syndrome in Yunnan Han population. • Yunnan Natural Science Foundation (2009CD211) (Co-Investigator) Title: Association analyses of genetic polymorphisms of pharmacodynamics genes with alcohol dependence syndrome and Personalized Medicines. • Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (30960115) (Co-Investigator) Title: The selection of sensitive genotype for drinking behaviour and alcohol abuse and research of genetic features. • Yunnan Educational Scientific Research Foundation (07Z10336) (Co-Investigator) Title: Association analyses of genetic polymorphisms of COMT and CYP2E1 with alcohol dependence syndrome in Yunnan Han population.

8. Judicial Identification Individual Identification Paternity Testing

9. Lynda Mann was sexually assaulted and murdered November 21, 1983 Dawn Ashworth was sexually assaulted and murdered July 31, 1986 Narborough, Leicestershire, England, United Kingdom

10. Narborough, Leicestershire, England, United Kingdom Only semen were collected from both murder scenes.

11. Alec Jeffreys Professor University of Leicester 1984，Jeffreys developed a new technique, which is calledRFLP.

12. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) No person's DNA profile is the same except for identical twins. So it is called DNA fingerprint. A powerful crime solving tool. Crime Victims can be Identified and Crime Scenes can be Linked through DNA Fingerprint. DNA fingerprint

13. Using DNA Fingerprint • November 1986, 17-year-old Richard John Buckland was innocent of both murders. • The tests did prove conclusively that the crimes were committed by the same person. • September 1987, “mass screening” of all eligible males in the village (4,583 persons).

14. DNA testing for a murder investigation, 1987. (Magnum Photos)

15. Colin Pitchfork Sentenced to life imprisonment on January 23, 1988 Colin Pitchfork – the first man to be convicted using DNA evidence.

16. Individual Identification Using DNA Typing

17. Content • 1. What is Individual Identification? • 2. How to conduct Individual • Identification? • 3. Typical cases • 4. New Technique

18. Individual/Personal Identification Theory 1. What is Individual Identification? To analyze genetic markers of biological samples collected from individual or crime scene to determine whether biological samples were identical or not.

19. Biological samples from crime scenes Suspicious Semen Samples of suspects/ Victims RFLP "Samples" and "sample" to compare Suspect

20. Application of Individual Identification (1). Criminal Cases Suicide Murder Manslaughter Excusable homicide Justifiable Homicide Homicide Victim Suspect

21. ? Putting pieces back together

22. (2). Traffic Accident Accident Scene Investigation

23. Victim Driver

24. (3). Mass Disaster Investigations 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami 2001 “911”, New York 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake

25. Bombing Case

26. (4). Others Bone Marrow Transplantation Paraffin-embedded Sections

27. 2. How to conduct Individual Identification? DNA Collect Biological Evidence 1 2 DNAExtraction 3 PCRAmplification 6 Conclusion 5 4 Capillary Electrophoresis AnalyzeRaw Data Process of DNA Typing

28. What are Biological Evidence? 1 Blood Semen Saliva Teeth Bone Urine Soft Tissue Hair (w/Root &Shaft) Common Biological Evidence

29. What are Biological Evidence? 1 Cigarette Butts Envelope & Stamps Fingerprint residues Fingernail Clippings Chewing Gum Bite Marks Sweat/Tears Feces Trace Biological Evidence Touching DNA

30. What are Biological Evidence? 1 Animal Material Plant Material Insects Bacterial/Fungal Non-human Biological Evidence

31. DNAExtraction 2 SDS Protease K TES

32. 3 PCRamplification • RFLP Limitations • needs g amounts of DNA • DNA needs to be pure • assay time: several days to > week Multiplex PCR

33. Capillary Electrophoresis 4

34. AnalyzeRaw Data Suspect 1 Suspect 2 Evidence 5 Crime Scene - Two Suspects

35. Conclusion 6 Suspicious Semen Colin Pitchfork The semen taken from both murder scenes were from Colin Pitchfork.

36. Case 1: Sexual scandal betweenMonica Lewinsky and Bill Clinton 3. Typical cases 1998, Recorded phone calls (between Lewinsky and a close friend)

37. 李昌钰 Henry Chang-Yu Lee The world's foremost forensic scientists.

38. DNA analyses of semen stains on a dress worn by Monica Lewinsky match DNA from a blood sample taken from ex-president Bill Clinton.

39. Clinton confessed his affair with miss Monica at last. Bill Clinton – the worst victim of DNA evidence.

40. Case 2 Suspect Aand his blood sample

41. Results

42. Conclusion • DNA analyses of a blood stain on the air bag did not match DNA from a blood sample taken from suspect A. • The blood stain on the air bag was not from suspect A.

43. Case 3

44. Li XX and his blood sample

46. DNA analyses of hair in the glass did match DNA from a blood sample taken from Li XX. • Was the hair in the glass from Li XX? We can not answer it yet.

47. Still need to calculate…… • Random Match Probability • Likelihood Ratio (LR) Pr（E Hp） LR=1/P(X)=1/Pm LR= Pr（E Hd）

49. Conclusion • DNA analyses of hair on the glass did match DNA from a blood sample taken from Li XX. • The hair in the glass was from Li XX.

50. 4. New Technique Interpol – General Secretariat