US History Midterm Review

1. US History Midterm Review

2. To address the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, delegates at the Constitutional Convention agreed to: • eliminate the slave trade • increase the powers of the central government • decrease the number of states • allow states to set tariff rates

3. What was the primary reason that slavery became more widespread in the South than in the North? • The abolitionist movement was based in the North • The textile industry was controlled by southern merchants • Opposition to slavery by the Anglican Church was stronger in the North • Geographic factors contributed to the growth of the southern plantation system

4. Until the early 20th century, few restrictions on immigration to the United States existed primarily because • Industry needed an increasing supply of labor • Immigration totals had always been relatively low • Labor unions had always favored unrestricted immigration • The Supreme Court ruled that Congress could not restrict immigration

5. A major purpose of the Monroe Doctrine (1823) was to • limit European influence in the Western Hemisphere • establish United States colonies in South America • form military alliances with Latin American nations • avoid involvement in Canadian conflicts

6. Which term did Americans use in the 1840s to describe the idea that the United States should possess the entire continent? • Containment • Globalization • Manifest Destiny • popular sovereignty

7. During the late 1800s, monopolies and trusts were used by big business in an effort to • increase imports • limit competition • improve working conditions • reduce corporate income taxes

8. During the late 1800s, industrialization in the United States led to • the growth of the middle class • an overall decline in labor union membership • the creation of affirmative action programs • a decrease in the use of natural resources

9. The Interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Antitrust Act were attempts by Congress to: • regulate the activities of big business • protect consumers against unsafe products • impose government regulations on agricultural production • bring transportation activities under government ownership

10. In the 19th century, protective tariffs, subsidies for railroads, and open immigration showed that the federal government followed a policy of: • support for economic development • noninterference in the free-market system • regulation of unfair business practices • support for organized labor

11. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, many members of Congress supported legislation requiring literacy tests for immigrants in an attempt to: • stop illegal immigration from Latin America • provide highly skilled workers for industry • limit the power of urban political machines • restrict immigration from southern and eastern Europe

12. As a result of the Spanish-American War, Spain gave the United States control of Puerto Rico, Cuba, and which of the following: • Alaska • Hawaii • The Panama Canal Zone • The Philippines

13. The Spanish-American War was a turning point in United States foreign policy because the United States • developed a plan for peaceful coexistence • emerged as a major world power • pledged neutrality in future European conflicts • refused to become a colonial power