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Understanding Mosquito Biology and Their Role in Disease Transmission

This overview explores the biology and ecological impact of mosquitoes, focusing on the Aedes genus, particularly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. With a staggering 3,000 species globally and about 47 found in Lee County, Florida, mosquitoes can be significant vectors for diseases such as malaria, dengue, and West Nile virus, causing millions of infections and deaths annually. We delve into their life cycle, habitat, and the primary health risks they pose to humans and pets, emphasizing the importance of effective control measures in reducing disease transmission.

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Understanding Mosquito Biology and Their Role in Disease Transmission

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  1. 1,000 – 39,000 Eggs per square foot In a mangrove swamp

  2. Adult life span 1 week Adult life span 4 weeks or more ~~ ~~ Female Male Plumose (fuzzy) antennae Less plumose antennae Elongated palpi Short Palpi (exception Anopholes) Does not consume blood Consumes blood

  3. There are approximately… 3,000 Species in the world 47 Species in Lee County of which, approximately 10 Species are a pest problem

  4. Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Arthropoda Class - Insecta Order - Diptera Family - Culicidae Genus* - Aedes Species - aegypti *Genus Is singular, Genera is plural

  5. Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus Aedes bahamensis

  6. Disease transmission

  7. Malaria 500 million cases per year approximately 3 million deaths

  8. NORTH AMERICA ASIA EUROPE SOUTH AMERICA AFRICA ASTRALIA Areas in which malaria has disappeared, been eradicated, or never existed Areas with limited risk Areas where malaria Transmission occurs Fig. 16.10, p. 409

  9. Yellow Fever 200,000 cases 30,000 deaths

  10. Dengue 50 million cases

  11. Dog Heartworm

  12. endemic non-endemic uncertain Lymphatic Filariasis 120 million affected 40 million incapacitated

  13. Saint Louis Encephalitis Florida Medical Entomology Lab

  14. West Nile Virus Transmission Cycle

  15. West Nile Encephalitis • Flu-like illness with abrupt onset • Moderate to high fever • Headache, sore throat, backache, fatigue • Rash • Acute aseptic meningitis or encephalitis • Most fatal cases >50 years old.

  16. West Nile Outbreak 2004 2,470 human cases * 88 Deaths * reported cases to the Centers for Disease Control as of Jan 11,2005 40 cases in FL with 2 death

  17. Research

  18. Non-target Study using ABATE, Pine Island Florida

  19. Mosquito Control

  20. Larva Adult

  21. Larvicide

  22. Adulticide

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