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The Beginnings of Industrialization

The Beginnings of Industrialization. Industrial Revolution- Great increase in machine production that began in England in the 18 th century Enclosure- Large closed-in field for farming Crop Rotation- Planting a different crop in a different field each year

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The Beginnings of Industrialization

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  1. The Beginnings of Industrialization • Industrial Revolution- Great increase in machine production that began in England in the 18th century • Enclosure- Large closed-in field for farming • Crop Rotation- Planting a different crop in a different field each year • Industrialization- Process of developing machine production of goods • Factors of Production- conditions needed to produce goods and services • Factory- building where goods are made • Entrepreneur- Person who organizes, manages, and takes on the financial risk of business enterprise

  2. Background • Greatly increased output of machine made goods that began in England during the 18th century. • Wealthy landowners bought up land where small farmers worked • Dramatically improved farming methods • “Agricultural” Revolution • Led to Industrial Rvolution

  3. Agricultural Revolution • Wealthy landowners enclosed their land with hedges or fences • Experimented with new farming methods • Forced smaller farmers to move to the cities JethroTull – Seed Drill placed seeds at specific depths straight rows more seeds germinated

  4. Crop Rotation • Improved upon older methods of farming • Replenish nutrients depleted by previous corps • Wheat to turnips to barley to clover

  5. Why did it start in Britain? • Large population of workers • Natural resources • Water power and coal to fuel new machines • Iron ore to construct machines, tools, and buildings • Rivers for inland transportation • Harbors for merchant ships

  6. Why Britain? • Expanding economy could support industrialization • Banking systems allowed business development • Political Stability • FACTORS OF PRODUCTION • Land, Labor, and Capital (wealth)

  7. Inventions Spur Advances TEXTILES (Cloth / Fabric) • 1733 – John Kay – Flying Shuttle • 1764 – James Hargreaves – Flying Jenny • 1769 – Richard Arkwright – Water Frame • 1779 – Samuel Crompton – Spinning Mule • 1787 – Edmund Cartwright – Power Loom • 1793 – Eli Whitney – Cotton Gin

  8. Other Advancements • James Watt – improved the steam engine 1764 • Robert Fulton – Steam driven boat Clermont • “Macadam Road” • Expansion of Rail System

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