The Beginnings of Industrialization

The Beginnings of Industrialization Ch. 9 sec. 1

I. Industrial Revolution Begins in BritainA. The Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way 1. Land owners bought up all the village land and set up fences creating enclosures

I. Industrial Revolution Begins in BritainA. The Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way 2. Two benefits of enclosures • Land owners to experiment with new agricultural practices • This forced regular farmers to become tenant farmers or force them into the cities

I. Industrial Revolution Begins in BritainA. The Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way 3. JethroTull revolutionized planting by inventing the seed drill; allowed farmers to sow seeds in well placed rows

I. Industrial Revolution Begins in BritainB. Rotating Crops 1. Crop rotation-meant that the types of crops you grew had to be change from season to season; this prevented soil exhaustion 2. Livestock breeders improved their practices by only allowing the best animals to breed

I. Industrial Revolution Begins in BritainB. Rotating Crops 3. This also affected the economy because with more people more goods were being produced and bought.

I. Industrial Revolution Begins in BritainC. Why the Industrial Revolutions Began in England • 4 factors: • 1. water power and coal to fuel the new machines • 2. iron ore to construct tools, machines, and buildings • 3. Rivers for inland transportation • 4. Harbors for the importing and exporting of goods

I. Industrial Revolution Begins in BritainC. Why the Industrial Revolutions Began in England 2. They had all the factors of production-resources to produce goods and services and land, labor, and capital (wealth).

II. Inventions Spur IndustrializationA. Changes in the Textile Industry 1. Britain’s textile industry clothed the world in linen, wool, & cotton 2. 1n 1733 John Kay made a shuttle that sped back and forth and this flying shuttle doubled the work a weaver could do

II. Inventions Spur IndustrializationA. Changes in the Textile Industry 3. The next improvement on this model was created in 1764 by James Hargreaves called the spinning Jenny. One spinner could work eight threads. 4. in 1769 Richard Arkwright created the water frame which used waterpower

II. Inventions Spur IndustrializationA. Changes in the Textile Industry 5. In 1779 the spinning jenny and the water frame were combined & it was called the mule 6. 1787 Edmund Cartwright created the power loom which was the fastest of all

II. Inventions Spur IndustrializationA. Changes in the Textile Industry 7. As a result, buildings called factories were built by rivers and streams

II. Inventions Spur IndustrializationA. Changes in the Textile Industry 8. Eli Whitney created a cotton gin for the American South cotton which improved the production from 1.5 million lbs in 1790 to 85 million in 1810

III. Improvements in TransportationA. Watt’s Steam Engine 1. James Watt with the help of entrepreneur (a person who manages, organizes and takes on all the risk) begin to develop a more efficient steam engine

III. Improvements in TransportationB. Water Transportation 1. American inventor Robert Fulton ordered a steam engine from Watt and was the first to make an efficient steam boat to ferry people and supplies. This helped England slash inland transportation costs of production goods.

III. Improvements in Transportation C. Road Transportation 1. John McAdam improved roads by allowing drainage with a layer of large rock and covered that with a smooth layer of crushed rock

III. Improvements in Transportation C. Road Transportation 2. Private investors then began to build roads and people called these turnpikes because people had to pay tolls to advance on the roads

The Beginnings of Industrialization