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Beginnings of Industrialization 1760-1850

Beginnings of Industrialization 1760-1850. Eight Preconditions to Industrialization. 4 Preconditions for Europe:. 4 Preconditions for Britain:. Raw Materials Population Explosion Increase in Demand Increased Labor Force. Lots of Capital Laisezz-Faire Economy Perception of Mobility

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Beginnings of Industrialization 1760-1850

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  1. Beginnings of Industrialization 1760-1850

  2. Eight Preconditions to Industrialization 4 Preconditions for Europe: 4 Preconditions for Britain: • Raw Materials • Population Explosion • Increase in Demand • Increased Labor Force • Lots of Capital • Laisezz-Faire Economy • Perception of Mobility • Men who took advantage of the other 7 preconditions

  3. Raw Materials • Wood and building materials were used for early machines • Tin and Iron Ore were used for metal, and Coal would eventually become a power source. • Sheep were used for Wool and Cotton from North American Colonies • Rivers provided a source of power using waterwheels and were used for transportation

  4. Population Explosion Resulting from an Agricultural Revolution • Agricultural Revolution • Improved Crop Rotation • Better landscape engineering and drainage • Better fodder crops which resulted in more livestock and more livestock resulted in more fertilizer. • All of this helped increase population.

  5. Population Rise Cont. • Sociological Changes • Earlier Marriages • Better Survival Rates Among Infants and Adults which was assisted by: • Better Hygiene • Vaccinations helped population rise • Stopping of small pox thanks to inoculation or shots. • Population of Europe rose from about 100 million in 1700 to 200 million in 1800.

  6. Increase in Demand • Growing population of Europe needed clothes, housing, and transportation. From this a mass market was created for mass produced Articles. • Increase in Demand Spurred New Inventions and Investment

  7. Labor Force • Agriculture became more efficient during 18th century • No need for people being born on farms: • Farmers began to move to cities in search of work. • These people would make up the factory labor force to supply the industrial revolution.

  8. Preconditions for Britain • Lots of Capital • Laissez-Faire economy • Perception of Mobility • Men who took advantage of the other 7 preconditions

  9. Lots of Capital • British had more money than anyone else at the end of the 18th century due to the Commercial Revolution: • British colonial trade with Americas and India in sugar, tobacco, spices, and slaves had made British merchants and investors rich • British merchants and investors needed somewhere productive to put their money .

  10. Laissez-Faire Economy • Britain had very little government regulation of industry: • State was influenced by and had a high regard for merchants • Merchants often sat in Parliament and would pass legislation that favored their business. • This resulted in very few restrictions on business in England. • Businessmen were free to try schemes without government permission or fears of regulation high taxes, on offending some courtier. • Merchants were at the center of power.

  11. Perception of Mobility • British Society • Least Hierarchal • Least Obsessed with birth • Most Democratic in Europe • Mobility • 1. People believed they could rise in society • 2. People believed they could live in an open country. Source: Brad Delong, at: http://delong.typepad.com/sdj/2012/02/robert-allen-the-british-industrial-revolution-in-global-perspective.html

  12. Men who took Advantage of other 7 Preconditions • Men like Thomas Newcomen, James Watt, John Kay, James Hargreaves, Henry Bessemer, Sir Josiah Wedgewood, Eli Whitney and many more. • Many of the Scientists, Inventors, and Entrepreneurs that took advantage of the Seven preconditions that only England had were Middle or lower class. • We have heard of these men mainly because they were born in Britain where Industrialization was ready to occur and where all the preconditions existed.

  13. Example of Industrialization: Cotton Industry • Before Industrial Revolution: • Cotton was rare and expensive to make; • Cotton had to be produced basically by hand; • Cotton was extremely expensive. • After the Industrial Revolution: • Production matched or outpaced demand; • Cotton was made in factories using steam engines; • by 1832 cotton only cost one shilling a pound and that meant the even the poor could get cotton.

  14. The Inventions that Revolutionized Cotton Production • 1733 The Flying Shuttle by John Kay, doubled cotton production; • 1763 The Spinning Jenny by James Hargreaves allowed one person to spin 8-10 times more cotton; • 1769 James Watts modified the steam engine so it could power the Spinning Jenny • 1793 The Cotton Gin, by Eli Whitney, separated cotton from the seeds; • 1855 mass production of steel was invented by Henry Bessemer Eli Whitney

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