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The Significance of Marbury v. Madison in Early U.S. Judicial History

This lecture explores the landmark case of Marbury v. Madison, highlighting key figures such as Chief Justice John Marshall, Judge William Marbury, and Secretary of State James Madison. The presentation delves into the political context surrounding the last-minute appointments made by President John Adams and the implications of judicial review established by the Supreme Court. It also discusses the legality of the Judiciary Acts of 1789 and 1801, as well as the impact of the case on the balance of power among government branches, marking a pivotal moment in U.S. history.

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The Significance of Marbury v. Madison in Early U.S. Judicial History

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Presentation Transcript

  1. The Jefferson Era AP US History Lecture

  2. People Involved • John Marshall – Supreme Court Chief Justice • William Marbury – Judge assigned by Pres. John Adams. Was an obscure Federalist. • James Madison – Jefferson’s Secretary of State

  3. Situation • Marbury was appointed as Justice of the Peace in D.C. by Pres. Adams in the last few hours before his presidency ended. However, Marbury’s commission was not delivered by midnight. • When Jefferson became President, he ordered Madison, his Secretary of State, to withhold Marbury’s papers, along with three other judges. Marbury sued to have Madison deliver the papers.

  4. Major Question(s) • Was the Judiciary Act of 1789 and 1801 legal? • Reduced # of Supreme Court Justices from 6 to 5. • Created 16 new federal judgeships, which Adams filled with last minute “midnight judges” who were all Federalists • Can Congress change the power of the Supreme Court? • Did Marbury have a right to sue?

  5. Ruling • Ruled that the Court had the power to declare laws unconstitutional. • Ruled that Marbury had a right to his commission according to the Judiciary Act of 1789 • BUT, that the Judiciary Act was not constitutional. Therefore, Marbury could not be given his commission.

  6. Implications of Marbury v. Madison • For the first time, the Supreme Court stated in its decision that they had the right to review other branches of government. • This is known as JUDICIAL REVIEW – a basic part of checks and balances.

  7. The Louisiana Purchase • 1800 map (page GML 293): • 1802: • US Reaction: • Napoleon:

  8. Lewis and Clark Expedition • The land: • Jefferson goal: • Expedition Leaders:

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