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Earth Science

Explore the fascinating world of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks in this informative chapter. Learn how sedimentary rocks form from cemented sediments through processes like erosion, weathering, and lithification. Discover the various types, including clastic, chemical, and organic, along with their significance in energy production and construction. Delve into metamorphic rocks, their transformation due to temperature and pressure, and the different types of metamorphism. Enhance your knowledge of the rock cycle and the critical role these rocks play in Earth's geology.

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Earth Science

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  1. Earth Science Coach Williams Room 310B

  2. Chapter 6.1 • Formation of Sedimentary Rocks

  3. Sedimentary Rocks • Formed by cemented sediments

  4. Sediment • Solid material • Deposited on Earth’s surface • Wind, water, ice, gravity, chemical precipitation • Form sedimentary rocks

  5. Sediment

  6. Weathering • Earth’s crust is worn down • Physical or chemical processes • Clastic sediments- rock or mineral fragments • Greek klastos = broken

  7. Erosion • Removal and movement of rock fragments • 4 Main ways: • Wind • Moving water • Gravity • Glaciers • Deposition- sediments laid down • Land and water • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51C7vEAVbxk

  8. Erosion

  9. Lithification • Sediments become rock • Greeklithos= rock • Layers of sediment = pressure • Deep layers = hot temperature • Cementation- mineral growth cements sediment together

  10. Features of Sedimentary Rock • Bedding- horizontal layering • Graded Bedding- larger/heavier fragments at bottom layers • Cross-Bedding- layer crossing over another one

  11. Cross Bedding

  12. Fossils • Preserved evidence of once-living organisms • Remains or impressions • Found in sedimentary rocks

  13. Chapter 6.2 • Types of Sedimentary Rocks

  14. Types of Sedimentary Rocks • Clastic- deposited loose fragments • Chemical- dissolved minerals left behind

  15. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks • Classified by sediment size • Coarse-grained: gravel-sized fragments • Medium-grained: sand-sized fragments • Fine-grained: silt-sized fragments • Porosity- % of open spaces

  16. Clastic Sedimentary Rock

  17. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks • Evaporation- leaves minerals behind • Evaporites: rocks formed this way • Organic- remains of once-living organisms • Shells, bones • Coal- remains of plant material; carbon; fuel

  18. Importance of Sedimentary Rocks • Energy- coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear • Fertilizers • Iron • Walls/buildings • Snapshot- cross bedding & fossils

  19. Pictures of Sedimentary Rock • http://geology.com/rocks/sedimentary-rocks.shtml

  20. Chapter 6.3 • Metamorphic Rocks

  21. Metamorphic Rocks • Temperature/pressure changes rocks • Composition, minerals, texture • Meta = change Morph = form

  22. Types of Metamorphism • Regional: large regions • Contact: molten rock touches solid rock • Hydrothermal: hot water alters rock

  23. Metamorphic Textures • Foliated: minerals are wavy layers/bands • Non-foliated: no mineral grains in one directions

  24. Pictures of Metamorphic Rock • http://geology.com/rocks/metamorphic-rocks.shtml

  25. Rock Cycle • Changing and re-making of rocks

  26. Rock Cycle

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