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Chapter 21

Chapter 21. Emergency Procedures. Emergency Situations. First aid Good Samaritan Act Golden rule Rescuer Victim. Steps in an Emergency. Assess environment Obtain consent to treat Try to determine what happened Follow standard precautions Enlist help of bystanders Never move victim

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Chapter 21

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  1. Chapter 21 Emergency Procedures

  2. Emergency Situations • First aid • Good Samaritan Act • Golden rule • Rescuer • Victim

  3. Steps in an Emergency • Assess environment • Obtain consent to treat • Try to determine what happened • Follow standard precautions • Enlist help of bystanders • Never move victim • Stay calm

  4. Question • What is the golden rule in providing first aid? • Stay calm • Do no further harm • Assess the environment

  5. Answer • B. Do no further harm • Golden rule • Do no further harm • Staying calm and assessing environment important • But not known as golden rule

  6. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) • CPR • Rescue breathing • Obstructed airway • Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) • Pediatric advanced life support (PALS)

  7. First Aid • Always observe standard precautions • Carry gloves • Use barrier • CPR • First priority in emergency • If CPR not needed, assess for other problems

  8. Allergic Reactions • Mild and moderate reactions • Severe reaction • Anaphylactic shock • Bites and stings

  9. Question • Which of the following would be performed if the victim is unable to breathe due to an obstructed airway? • Heimlich maneuver • Rescue breathing • CPR

  10. Answer • A. Heimlich maneuver • If patient has obstructed airway, Heimlich Maneuver performed • Neither rescue breathing nor CPR would be effective until after obstructed airway cleared

  11. Bleeding and Wounds • Hemorrhage • Arterial bleeding • Venous bleeding • Do not use tourniquet

  12. Bleeding and Wounds • External bleeding • Internal bleeding • Wounds • Sucking wounds • Amputations

  13. Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries • Fractures and joint dislocations • Open fracture • Closed fracture • Joint dislocation • Muscle strain • Sprain

  14. Question • Which of the following would be the most effective method to stop external bleeding? • Apply a tourniquet • Change dressings when they become saturated • Apply direct pressure

  15. Answer • C. Apply direct pressure • Applying direct pressure helps stop bleeding • Tourniquet should not be used • Changing dressings increases bleeding • Should only be reinforced as needed • Not changed

  16. Facial Injuries • Eye injuries • Ear injuries • Nose injuries

  17. Burns • 1st degree • Superficial • 2nd degree • Partial thickness • 3rd degree • Full thickness

  18. Burns • Steps • Stop burning • Cool burned area • Cover burned area

  19. Burns • Heat • Radiation • Chemicals • Electrical current

  20. Question • True or False: • A pressure dressing should be applied if a victim is bleeding from the ear.

  21. Answer • False • Do not block bleeding or drainage from ear

  22. Drug-Related Problems • Misuse or overuse of any drug • Drug overdose • Withdrawal from addictive drugs

  23. Poisonings • Ingestion • Inhalation

  24. Temperature-Related Illness • Frostbite • Hypothermia • Heat cramps • Heat stroke

  25. Question • Which of the following conditions should be treated by giving fluids? • Heat stroke • Ingestion of a poison • Heat cramps

  26. Answer • C. Heat cramps • Fluids can be given to someone with heat cramps • Be sure it does not contain caffeine or alcohol • Heat stroke and ingested poison victims should not be given fluids

  27. Other Conditions • Breathing difficulty • Hyperventilation • Chest pain (angina) • Diabetes • Fainting (syncope) • Fever (hyperthermia)

  28. Other Conditions • Drowning • Seizures (convulsions) • Shock • Stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA) • Unconsciousness

  29. Question • A victim with angina is most likely suffering from what condition? • Lack of oxygen getting to the heart • Diabetes • Seizure disorder

  30. Answer • A. Lack of oxygen getting to the heart • Angina • Chest pain • Occurs when lack of oxygen getting to heart muscle • Diabetes and seizure disorders not characterized by angina

  31. Bandaging • Sling • Spiral wrap • Figure-eight wrap • Bandage to finger

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