1. Chapter 21 Emergency Procedures

2. Emergency Situations • First aid • Good Samaritan Act • Golden rule • Rescuer • Victim

3. Steps in an Emergency • Assess environment • Obtain consent to treat • Try to determine what happened • Follow standard precautions • Enlist help of bystanders • Never move victim • Stay calm

4. Question • What is the golden rule in providing first aid? • Stay calm • Do no further harm • Assess the environment

5. Answer • B. Do no further harm • Golden rule • Do no further harm • Staying calm and assessing environment important • But not known as golden rule

6. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) • CPR • Rescue breathing • Obstructed airway • Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) • Pediatric advanced life support (PALS)

7. First Aid • Always observe standard precautions • Carry gloves • Use barrier • CPR • First priority in emergency • If CPR not needed, assess for other problems

8. Allergic Reactions • Mild and moderate reactions • Severe reaction • Anaphylactic shock • Bites and stings

9. Question • Which of the following would be performed if the victim is unable to breathe due to an obstructed airway? • Heimlich maneuver • Rescue breathing • CPR

10. Answer • A. Heimlich maneuver • If patient has obstructed airway, Heimlich Maneuver performed • Neither rescue breathing nor CPR would be effective until after obstructed airway cleared

11. Bleeding and Wounds • Hemorrhage • Arterial bleeding • Venous bleeding • Do not use tourniquet

12. Bleeding and Wounds • External bleeding • Internal bleeding • Wounds • Sucking wounds • Amputations

13. Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries • Fractures and joint dislocations • Open fracture • Closed fracture • Joint dislocation • Muscle strain • Sprain

14. Question • Which of the following would be the most effective method to stop external bleeding? • Apply a tourniquet • Change dressings when they become saturated • Apply direct pressure

15. Answer • C. Apply direct pressure • Applying direct pressure helps stop bleeding • Tourniquet should not be used • Changing dressings increases bleeding • Should only be reinforced as needed • Not changed

16. Facial Injuries • Eye injuries • Ear injuries • Nose injuries

17. Burns • 1st degree • Superficial • 2nd degree • Partial thickness • 3rd degree • Full thickness

18. Burns • Steps • Stop burning • Cool burned area • Cover burned area

19. Burns • Heat • Radiation • Chemicals • Electrical current

20. Question • True or False: • A pressure dressing should be applied if a victim is bleeding from the ear.

21. Answer • False • Do not block bleeding or drainage from ear

22. Drug-Related Problems • Misuse or overuse of any drug • Drug overdose • Withdrawal from addictive drugs

23. Poisonings • Ingestion • Inhalation

24. Temperature-Related Illness • Frostbite • Hypothermia • Heat cramps • Heat stroke

25. Question • Which of the following conditions should be treated by giving fluids? • Heat stroke • Ingestion of a poison • Heat cramps

26. Answer • C. Heat cramps • Fluids can be given to someone with heat cramps • Be sure it does not contain caffeine or alcohol • Heat stroke and ingested poison victims should not be given fluids

27. Other Conditions • Breathing difficulty • Hyperventilation • Chest pain (angina) • Diabetes • Fainting (syncope) • Fever (hyperthermia)

28. Other Conditions • Drowning • Seizures (convulsions) • Shock • Stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA) • Unconsciousness

29. Question • A victim with angina is most likely suffering from what condition? • Lack of oxygen getting to the heart • Diabetes • Seizure disorder

30. Answer • A. Lack of oxygen getting to the heart • Angina • Chest pain • Occurs when lack of oxygen getting to heart muscle • Diabetes and seizure disorders not characterized by angina

31. Bandaging • Sling • Spiral wrap • Figure-eight wrap • Bandage to finger