Unit 2 Exploration and Colonization

1. Unit 2 Exploration and Colonization Exploration and Colonization What happens when different cultures first meet?

2. Lessons Lesson 1 The World Expands Lesson 2 Spaniards Reach the Americas Lesson 3 Spanish Exploration & Conquest Lesson 4 Spain’s Overseas Empire Lesson 5 Searching for the Northwest Passage Lesson 6 The First French Colonies

3. The World ExpandsPREVIEW How did events in Europe affect exploration? Lesson 1 Vocabulary profit merchant barter navigation

4. The World Expands MC 1The Vikings (Norse) were the first Europeans to arrive. MC 2Paper money and gunpowder were items never seen by Marco Polo and his family before they reached Asia. SAThe Silk Road was the only trade route from Europe to Asia from A. D. 100 until the 1300s. FILLAmerchantis a person who makes their living buying and selling goods. FILL Merchants want to make aprofitwhich is the money that remains after the costs of running a business.

5. The World Expands FILLTobarteris to exchange goods for other goods rather than money. MC 3In African kingdoms salt was bartered for gold because it was just as valuable. MC 4Prince Henry started a school for sailors so they could sail along the western coast of Africa to reach Asia. FILLNavigation is finding direction and following routes at sea. FILLThe development of a new ship, the caravel, with both square and triangle-shaped sails, allowed the ship to change direction and catch the wind more easily.

6. Spaniards Reach the AmericasPREVIEW How did Spanish explorers change the Americas? Lesson 2 Vocabulary expedition colony Columbian Exchange

7. Spaniards Reach the Americas Columbus believed he landed in the Indies; however, Amerigo Vespucci was the first to believe that America was a new land. As a result, America was named for him by a German geographer in 1507 when he labeled the new land.

8. Spaniards Reach the Americas Christopher Columbus went on an expedition which is a journey with a special purpose. He wanted to get to the Indies faster. MC 5 On his expedition, Columbus kept two logs: one with the exact distances the ships sailed and one with shorter distances in order to mislead other explorers. No one would pay for his trip going in the “wrong” direction (west) until the King and Queen of Spain offered. Columbus thought he landed in the Indies, but he actually landed in the Bahamas (San Salvador). He did NOT get where he was going. The Native Americans he met there Columbus called the Taíno “Indios” because he believed he had reached the Indies. On Columbus’s future journeys he wanted to set up a colony for Spain. A colony is a settlement far from the country that rules it.

9. Spaniards Reach the Americas The Columbian Exchange was the movement of animals, plants, and disease across the Atlantic Ocean. Unfortunately, the Europeans also brought germs and diseases. This was killing millions of Native Americans by the 1600s.

10. Spanish Exploration and ConquestPREVIEW How did the arrival of Spanish explorers change Native American empires? Lesson 3 Vocabulary empire conquistador

11. Spanish Exploration and Conquest MC 10Montezuma was the leader of the Aztec empire. MC 11Spain’s desire for wealth (gold) was the main reason they wanted to conquer the Aztec and Inca Empires. Tenochtitlan = Mexico City

12. Spanish Exploration and Conquest In South America lived the Inca. They were the wealthiest empire in the world at the time. The Inca empire was 2,500 miles long that was linked together by a system of paved roads or “highways.” Messengers were able to carry important information by RUNNING 50 miles a day! Gold = “sweat of the sun” Silver = “tears of the moon” MC 9What is the capital of the Inca empire?

13. Spanish Exploration and Conquest SAThe Inca began dying from diseases that spread quickly throughout the empire before Pizarro arrived. When Francisco Pizarro arrived with only 180 men, the Inca ruler of the North, Atahualpa, was not concerned. He had a bigger problem with Huascar, the southern ruler of the Inca empire. 1In a sneak attack, Pizarro and his men surrounded Cajamarca, killed thousands of Inca, and captured Atahualpa. 2After Atahualpa filled a room with gold and silver, the Spaniards killed him, and sent melted gold and silver back to Spain. Thus, Spain now controlled one of the largest empires in the world.

14. Spain’s Overseas Empire PREVIEW How did Spain’s growing empire impact life in North America? Lesson 4 Vocabulary frontier missionary enslave mestizo

15. Spain’s Overseas Empire explorers SA Juan Ponce de Leon Hernando de Soto both Searched in Florida Never found what they were looking for claimed land for Spain Searching for the Fountain of Youth Searching for gold

16. Spain’s Overseas Empire MC 12Coronado and his men were the first Europeans to see the Grand Canyon. FILLAfrontieris the far edge of a settled area.

17. Spain’s Overseas Empire MC 13Spanish rulers gave encomiendas, large areas of land, to colonists who were loyal to them. MC 16More workers were needed to work on the encomiendas. So Spanish explorers brought the first enslaved Africans to Mexico. FILLToenslavepeople is to force them to work against their will. MC 14 & FILLBartolome de Las Casas was a missionary, (a person who tries to persuade people to accept new religious beliefs) who wanted to help Native Americans and treat them equally.

18. Spain’s Overseas Empire • Viceroy – ruler in New Spain • MC 15 Peninsulares– Spaniards from Spain • Criollos – people born in New Spain but had “old” Spain parents • FILL Mestizos– people who were both Spanish and Native American • Native Americans and Enslaved Africans – people forced to work without wages

19. Searching for the Northwest PassagePREVIEW How did the search for the Northwest Passage affect people? Lesson 5 Vocabulary Northwest Passage merchant company

20. Searching for the Northwest Passage What was the importance of the Northwest Passage? MC 17It was believed to be a shortcut to Asia that would allow Europeans to make the trip less costly and much faster.

21. Searching for the Northwest Passage MC 21All these men were explorers searching for the Northwest Passage. MC 20Did anyone ever find the Northwest passage? No… because it doesn’t exist!

22. The First French Colonies How did France’s relationship with Native Americans affect colonization? Lesson 6 Vocabulary ally coureurs de bois import export

23. The First French Colonies FILLally– a person, group, or nation united with another in order to do something FILLcoureurs de bois – a person who trapped furs without permission from the French government FILLimport– to bring goods from another country for sale or use FILLexport – to send goods to other countries for sale or use

24. The First French Colonies MC 22Quebec became a trading post for fur. MC 23French missionaries were different than Spanish missionaries because they decided to live amongst the Native Americans. SA One reason for slow growth in New France was because the king preferred Roman Catholics to settle in the colony.

25. Review Name the European explorer associated with each area. Mexico West coast of South America Florida Southeastern U.S. Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona Southwestern U.S.; first European to see the Grand Canyon Newfoundland Hudson River Hudson, Chesapeake, and Delaware Bays St. Lawrence River Lakes Huron, Ontario, Erie and Superior Lake Michigan Hernan Cortés Francisco Pizarro Juan Ponce de León Hernando de Soto Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca Francisco Vásquez de Coronado John Cabot Giovanni da Verrazano Henry Hudson Jacques Cartier Étienne Brûlé Jean Nicolet

26. Maps Click on a map to enlarge the view.