Ancient Greece

1. Ancient Greece

2. Minoan Trade in the Mediterranean • 2000-1400 B.C. • Crete – island on edge of Aegean Sea • Traded fine pottery, • swords, precious • metals • “Stepping stone for • cultural exchange in Mediterranean

3. Knossos – capital city • Peaceful city – no fortifications • King Minos – owned a Minotaur (half man – half bull) • Wall Paintings – display graceful/athletic people • - loved nature & beautiful objects • Sports – boxing, wrestling, bull leaping

4. The Palace at Knossos

5. Minotaur

6. Bull Leapers of Knossos • Sport? Fun Activity? Warrior Initiation? Religious? • ALL OF THESE THINGS!!!

7. Minoan Fresco

8. Mysterious End • 1200 B.C. - End of civilization • Not sure why – • - possible earthquake • - maybe invaders • - tidal wave • - volcanic ash

9. The Mycenaean World

10. The Mycenaean World • Firstrulers of Greece • Government wealth through force • Said to have fought in the legendary Trojan War

11. Mycenaean Trade

12. The Trojan War • 10 year war against Troy • Fought because Trojan man stole wife of a Mycenaean king • Destroyed Troy with “Trojan Horse” • Greeks built a “gift” for the Trojans • The Greeks hid inside and at night when the horse was taken inside, the Greeks came out and destroyed Troy

13. Invaded Greece from the north Myceanaeans weakened by infighting Dorians easily won using iron weapons How do they decline: Invasion of Dorians

14. After this Greece enters a period of the Dark ages…...

15. The Geography of Greece Geography

18. Mountains 75% of Greek mainland protected and isolated limited contact between communities Effect: Greece never unites w/ one govt. Geography

19. Natural Harbors no place more than 50 miles from the coast Effect: many make living from the seas Geography (Cont.)

20. Rules and Order in Greek City-States • Because of geography Greeks did not develop political unity • Created polis (city-states) • Most city-states covered 50 to 500 square miles • Home to fewer than 10,000 residents • Acropolis – gathering place to discuss city government

21. The Acropolis Today

22. Greek Polis • Types of Rule in City-States • Rule by a king (Monarchy) • Rule by a small group of people (Aristocracy) • Rule by a few powerful people (Oligarchy) • Rule by a tyrant- powerful individuals who work for the interests of ordinary people

23. Greeks Vs. Spartans Two most important city states!!!

24. Athens

25. Athens Builds a Limited Democracy P O L I T C A L • 621 B.C. – Draco ruled all Athenians equal under the law • 594 B.C. – Solon establishes democracy • All citizens participate in government • Only males were citizens • Outlawed slavery • Created 4 social classes •  top 3 could hold office Solon

26. ATHENS: Yesterday & Today

27. Athens-Democracy (Continued) • 500 B.C. – Cleisthenes organized citizens in 10 groups • Created council of 500 • Council members chosen at random • Only free adult male property owners born in Athens were citizens • Women, slaves, foreigners excluded

28. I N T E L L E C T U A L Athenian Education • Athenian Males • Sons of wealthy got formal education at age 7 • Two years of military service at age 18 • Active service is called hoplites (infantry) • Right to speak and vote in the Assembly • At age 30, could serve in the Council of 500 • Women, very little to do outside of family life

30. Sparta Builds a Military State • 2nd Most Important City-State • Located near the Gulf of Corinth • Very different from Athens • Built a military state • Conquered Laconia & Messenia • Slaves became known as Helots • Didn’t care about Democracy & Arts • “Spartan” means highly self-disciplined

31. SPARTANS

32. Spartan Government & Society P O L I T C A L • Council of Elders • 30 yr. old citizens: proposed laws • 5 elected officials carried out laws • Oligarchy • 2 kings ruled Sparta’s military force • Social Order • Original inhabitants • Noncitizens: worked in commerce/industry • Helots: field & house servants Social

33. Council of Elders

34. SPARTA Helots Messenians enslaved by the Spartans.

35. Spartan Daily Life Social • 607-371 B.C. Most Powerful Army • Individual expression discouraged • Men served in Army until age 60 • Women physically conditioned to be healthy mothers • ran- wrestled- played sports • Women told men, “ come back with your shield or on it” • had more independence than Athenian women • Greeks admired Spartan discipline but didn’t want to live like them

36. Spartan Women Social

37. (Write on the Bottom of Notes) • Conflict #1 : Persian Wars!!! Effect 1 Effect 2 Effect 3

38. Persian Wars: 499 B.C. – 480 B.C.

39. The Persian Wars • Persians control all of Middle East • Greek cities in Asia Minor rebel against Persians • Athens sent ship to help them • Battle of Marathon – 546 B.C. • Darius (King of Persia) decides to conquer Greece and punish Athens • 10,000 Athenians defeat 25,000 Persians •  lined themselves in phalanxes • Messenger sent 26 miles to deliver news of victory to Athens

40. The Battle of Marathon

41. The Phalanx

42. Battle of Thermopylae • Xerxes, son of Darius, attacks Greece in 480 B.C. • Persians overwhelm Spartans at Thermopylae • 300 Spartans at the Mountain pass fought 3 days • Persians capture Athens • Set fire to Athens

43. Battle of Thermopylae

44. Pass at Thermopylae

45. Athenians Fight Back • Defeat Persians at Salamis (naval battle) • Athenians create Delian League • Loose alliance of city-states: 200 of them • Delos: island in the Aegean Sea • Athens becomes headquarters and the dominant power in Greece • Athens enters the Golden Age

46. The Acropolis Today