1. Ancient Greece Famous Greeks

2. Essential Standards • 6.H.2 Understand the political, economic and/or social significance of historical events, issues, individuals and cultural groups. • 6.C&G.1 Understand the development of government in various civilizations, societies and regions.

3. Clarifying Objectives • 6.H.2.4 Explain the role that key historical figures and cultural groups had in transforming society (e.g., Mansa Musa, Confucius, Charlemagne and Qin Shi Huangdi). • 6.C&G.1.1 Explain the origins and structures of various governmental systems (e.g., democracy, absolute monarchy and constitutional monarchy).

4. Essential Questions • How did the Greek Historical figures make contributions that affected everyone? • What is an OLIGARCHY?

5. Important Greeks • Ancient Greece is known as the place where the Western World got their Ideologies • The Western World has many Ancient Greeks to thank for that • In this lesson we will cover 12 of the most influential Historical Figures (Greeks)

6. Important Greeks • These 12 Greeks were important to both Ancient Greece & the rest of the world for different reasons • Philosophy • Play Write • Historian • Mathematician • Government Figure • Leadership

7. Important Greeks • The 12 important Greeks we will cover include…. • Socrates • Plato • Aristotle • Homer • Herodotus • Archimedes • Euclid • Hippocrates • Pythagoras • Cleisthenes • Pericles • Alexander the Great

8. Ancient Greek Philosophers • Ancient Greek philosophers were masters of the problems of Ancient Greece • Philosophers studied reason, values, knowledge, existence, etc • The 3 most famous philosophers of Ancient Greece were… • Socrates • Plato • Aristotle

9. Socrates • Socrates was the first great Greek philosophers • Socrates was famous for promoting CRITICAL THINKING • He would stand out in the Agora and ask a series of very tough questions (interview) about why they believed they existed • He was eventually put to death (Death of Socrates) famous painting • http://www.biography.com/people/socrates-9488126

10. Plato • Plato was the second great philosopher of Ancient Greece • He was one of the students of Socrates • He taught about JUSTICE to the individual vs. JUSTICE to the country of Greece • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Xoi873zOWw

11. Aristotle • Aristotle was the 3rd great Greek Philosopher • He was a student of Plato • He laid the groundwork for the spread of Christianity by teaching of living a MORAL life • He was the personal teacher to Alexander the Great • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BeJJpbDrVRM

12. Ancient Greek Play Writes • A play write is someone who was the author of plays and poetry • The most famous Ancient Greek Play write was Homer

13. Homer • Homer was the most famous writer of poetry in history • His two most famous works were the • Iliad (story about the Troy) • Odyssey (story of Odysseus journey home to Ithaca • Ancient city of Troy described in the Iliad has now been unearthed & discovered • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hnxVv1JDUuA

14. Ancient Greek Historians • There is one Greek Historian that stands out from the rest • The Greek Historian’s job was to write down key events as they happened in Ancient Greece • Herodotus was the most famous Greek Historian by far

15. Herodotus • Herodotus is known as the “Father of History” • He was the first person that we know of to write historical events down • Because of Herodotus we know of the different wars throughout Greek history & why they occurred

16. Ancient Greek Mathematician • There were many great Greek Mathematicians • 4 of these Math Geeks standout among the rest…. • Archimedes • Euclid • Hippocrates • Pythagoras

17. Archimedes • Archimedes was very influential in Math & Science • He developed the first form of Calculus • He discovered the mathematical reasoning behind buoyancy (sinkers & floaters) • Developed the value of Pi & square roots • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9sdxiHyRrCs

18. Euclid • Euclid was the Father of Geometry • His most famous work was a book called ELEMENTS • It was a book that taught how to write Geometric Proofs • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AxAqvBZrbMY

19. Hippocrates • “Father of Medicine” • He was the first to believe that diseases were caused naturally & not as a punishment from god • He was the first to set up a medical school to train doctors as a profession • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QbU61uO3Vdw

20. Pythagoras • Pythagoras was a mathematician that proved the Pythagorean Theorem • This is the Mathematical Law that states (A squared + B squared = C squared • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FdMXjJunb1o

21. Ancient Greek Government Figure • Ancient Greece is known for shaping the Government of the whole modern Western World • In other words they developed DEMOCRACY • Democracy is the government system where the people make their own decisions by voting • This system was highly influenced by Cleisthenes

22. Cleisthenes • An Aristocrat Oligarchy controlled Athens early in Greek History • Cleisthenes thought this was wrong • Cleisthenes believed that even the common Greek citizens should have the freedom to make their own decisions • DEMOCRACY was born • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Gqee176VIk&list=TLhah5H-d6Ac1h2PleRERH1r7_GX7fD60V • 0:00-1:12

23. Essential Question • Get with a partner and answer… • What is an OLIGARCHY?

24. Ancient Greek Leaders • There were many, many great leaders of Ancient Greece but two stand out…. • Pericles • Alexander the Great

25. Pericles • Pericles was the great leader that rebuilt Athens • He rebuilt all the temples of Athens • Gave power to the Philosophers which led to a period in Ancient Greece of great learning and understanding • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXnEewb4GE4

26. Alexander the Great • Great King & Military Leader • He believed he was the Great Greek Warrior Achilles second coming • He defeated the great Persian Empire once & for all • http://www.biography.com/people/alexander-the-great-9180468

27. Essential Question • Get with a partner and answer… • How did the Greek Historical figures make contributions that affected everyone?

28. EOG Questions • Order of Ruling Powers in Ancient Greece • 1. Monarchy • 2. Oligarchy • 3. Tyranny • 4. Democracy • Which statement explains the list above? • A) Some city-states of Ancient Greece went from being governed by their citizens to being ruled by a king. • B) Some city-states of Ancient Greece went from being ruled by nobility to being governed by their citizens. • C) Some city-states of Ancient Greece went from being ruled by military leaders to being governed by the upper class. • D) Some city-states of Ancient Greece went from being ruled by rich merchants to being governed by men of nobility.

29. EOG Questions • An absolute monarchy is a type of government structure. Which of the statements describes this type of structure? • A) The citizens have an equal say in their government. • B) The citizens elect representatives to run the government. • C) The ruler has complete power over the citizens or inhabitants. • D) The ruler has control of the government, but citizens have rights

30. Important Points • 6.H.2.4 (Key Historical Figure) All these people were key historical figures that made Greece so important in history • 6.C&G.1.1 (Government Structure) An OLIGARCHY is when a few people have control of EVERYONE