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Organic Molecules Functional Groups / Amino Acids Proteins II

Organic Molecules Functional Groups / Amino Acids Proteins II. Dr. Ron Rusay. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJtAw61bzsM. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBRFIMcxZNM. Chemical Biology Globular Proteins / Enzymes Metabolism. Chemical Biology. Metabolism.

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Organic Molecules Functional Groups / Amino Acids Proteins II

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  1. Organic Molecules Functional Groups / Amino Acids Proteins II Dr. Ron Rusay https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJtAw61bzsM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBRFIMcxZNM

  2. Chemical Biology Globular Proteins / EnzymesMetabolism

  3. Chemical Biology Metabolism is the chemical study of living things. • Metabolism is the total collection of all chemical processes. It involves inter-conversions of matter and energy. • Enzymes catalyze these conversions which follow distinct reactions & discrete pathways. • Substrates (reactants) react to form products.

  4. Metabolism • Metabolism consists of catabolism and anabolism. • Anabolism: constructive (biosynthetic) • Processes that build molecules up. • Usually endothermic (endergonic). • Catabolism: degradative • Processes that break molecules down. • Usually exothermic (exergonic).

  5. Metabolism is the sum of Catabolism and Anabolism,opposite chemical processes. Catabolism breaks bonds, releases energy (exergonic), and Anabolism makes bonds, takes up energy (endergonic)

  6. Four general stages in the biochemical energy production process in the human body.

  7. Human MetabolismDefined by enzymes:globular proteins that catalyze all reactions & processes in human chemical biology

  8. Example: Vision Enzyme (E) : Active Site Receptor / Substrate (S) / Docking Eg. Rhodopsin & Vision

  9. VisionGlobular Proteins / EnzymesRhodopsin

  10. Lycopene Orange-red pigments are found in some vegetables lmax 505 nm Does eating carrots and tomatoes actually improve vision?

  11. Cis-Trans Isomerization & Vision

  12. B&W ChemistryStep One: Oxidation retinol retinal (aldehyde)

  13. B&W ChemistryStep Two: Trans Cis Isomerization Trans Cis

  14. B&W ChemistryStep Three: “Hooked on Opsin”

  15. Light, Isomers & The Chemistry of Vision 3 x 10−12 seconds http://chemconnections.org/general/movies/TransRhodop2.qt

  16. Double Bonds and Vision http://chemconnections.org/organic/chem227/227assign-10.html#vision http://chemconnections.org/general/movies/10M13AN2.MOV Experimental rate of reaction = 200 femtoseconds 200 x 10−15 seconds

  17. B&W ChemistryStep Five: “Repeat Process”

  18. Perception of Color • Human retinas have 3 types of receptors for color • red (peak response at wavelength = 580nm) • green (peak response at wavelength = 545nm) • blue (peak response at wavelength = 440nm) • Red, green, and blue are the primary colors. • Light containing equal intensities off all three appears white. • Complementary colors are magenta (green), yellow (blue), and cyan (red) http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/color-vision

  19. The Visible Spectrum and Color

  20. QUESTION • Hemoglobin is observed to be red. Which color is absorbed by red blood cells? • Azure • Chatreuse Green • Blue • Red • Cyan

  21. Observed color Answer E. Absorbed color http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/cchem/color2.html

  22. http://chemconnections.org/organic/chem227/227assign-10.html#visionhttp://chemconnections.org/organic/chem227/227assign-10.html#vision QUESTION • If the blue cone cell receptors become fatigued by overuse, eg. staring @ a color for a period of time, they will not respond to that color for a time until they can re-activate, “re-load”. If the receptors for blue are fatigued and unresponsive, what color is perceived in its stead? • Azure • Yellow • Red • Cyan • Violet

  23. http://chemconnections.org/organic/chem227/227assign-10.html#visionhttp://chemconnections.org/organic/chem227/227assign-10.html#vision Answer • If the blue cone cell receptors become fatigued by overuse, eg. staring @ a color for a period of time, they will not respond to that color for a time until they can re-activate, “re-load”. If the receptors for blue are fatigued and unresponsive, what color is perceived in its stead? • Azure • Yellow • Red • Cyan • Violet

  24. DigestionGlobular Proteins / EnzymesTrypsin / α-Galactosidase / Invertase / Sucrase

  25. Neurotransmission Acetylcholinesterase The interaction of a globular protein, acetylcholinesterase, with a relatively small molecule, acetylcholine. Richard Short (Cornell University)

  26. DigestionTrypsin: Hydrolysis Trypsin, which catalyzes the digestion of proteins through hydrolysis, works in a similar way to acetylcholinesterase, but in breaking down other proteins instead of small molecules, acetylcholine - choline.

  27. Digestion / Hydrolysisα-Galactosidase/ Invertase/ Sucrase β-Fructose α-Glucose

  28. Digestion / Hydrolysisα-Galactosidase/ Invertase/ Sucrase β-Fructose α-Glucose

  29. Flatulence & Saccharides “To operate the assembly, the operator places the inlet tube with its valve open adjacent his anal region from which a colonic gas is discharged.”

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