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A&P 242 Unit 4 Lecture 5

This lecture provides an in-depth examination of the external and internal anatomy of the eye, including the lacrimal apparatus and the different tunics: fibrous, vascular, and nervous. It covers the production and flow of aqueous humor, the mechanisms of intraocular pressure management, and common eye abnormalities like myopia and astigmatism. Detailed histology of the retina and visual pathways, as well as the physiological responses of the intrinsic eye muscles, are also discussed. This resource is essential for understanding the complexities of ocular health.

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A&P 242 Unit 4 Lecture 5

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  1. A&P 242 Unit 4Lecture 5

  2. External Anatomy of the Eye

  3. Lacrimal Apparatus of the Eye

  4. Anatomy of the Eyeball • Fibrous Tunic: Cornea Sclera • Vascular Tunic Choroid coat Ciliary Body (Ciliary muscle, Ciliary process) Iris • Nervous Tunic Retina

  5. Accessory structures of the Eye from a sagittal view

  6. Internal Anatomy of the Eye

  7. Detail view of the anterior anatomy of the eye

  8. Production of Aqueous Humor and Intraocular pressure • Ciliary Process: • Produces Aqueous Humor • 2. Posterior Chamber: • Aqueous Humor flows from • this chamber through the • pupil in Anterior Chamber • Canal of Schlemm • Reabsorbs Aqueous Humor • Glaucoma: • Increase in intraocular • pressure due to build up of • Aqueous Humor

  9. Opthalmoscopic view of the retina showing the location of the Macula to the Optic Disc

  10. Histology of the retina of the eye

  11. Photomicroscopic view of the Histology of the Eye S = Sclera C = Choroid coat PE = Pigmented epithelium P = Outer segments of rods and cones O = Nuclei of rods and cones OPL = Outer synaptic layer I = Nuclei of bipolar neurons PL = Inner synaptic layer G = Ganglion cell layer

  12. Photomicroscopic view of the Histology of the Eye showing the location of the central fovea

  13. Intrinsic Eye Muscles and their response to light

  14. The Visual Pathway

  15. Light Refractory • Pathway: • Bulbar Conjunctiva • Cornea • Aqueous Humor • Lens • Vitreous Humor • Ganglion Cell Layer • Inner Synaptic Layer • Bipolar Layer • Outer Synaptic Layer • Photoreceptor Layer

  16. Abnormalities of • The Eye: • Myopic - • nearsighted • Hypermetropic - • Farsighted • Presbyopia - • age-related failure of • lens to accommodate • Astigmatism - • Distorted vision due to • irregular-shaped lens or • cornea • Color Blindness - • genetic defect that • causes dysfunction of • cones

  17. Accommodation of the Lens for near vision • Ciliary muscles contract • Ciliary body pulls forward and inward • Tension on suspensory ligaments of lens is decreased • Lens becomes thicker (rounder) due to its elasticity • Pupils constricts

  18. Accommodation of the Lens for far vision • Ciliary muscles relaxes • Ciliary body returns to its resting state, backward and outward • Tension on suspensory ligaments of lens is increased • Lens becomes thinner (flatter) due to its elasticity • Pupils dilate

  19. Anatomy of Rods and Cones

  20. Physiology of Rods and Photopigments

  21. Visual Pathway • Cones • Bipolar neurons • Ganglion cell’s axon forms the optic nerve • Optic nerve to the Optic Chiasm • Optic tract • Lateral geniculate nuclei of the thalamus • Optic Radiations • Primary visual areas of the occipital lobes

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