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The Essential Role of Water in Biochemical Reactions of Living Organisms

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Water is the most critical inorganic compound for life, facilitating essential biochemical reactions within cells. As a polar molecule, it possesses unique properties like cohesion and adhesion, enabling vital processes such as water transport in plants. Water's high heat capacity helps stabilize temperature, while its effectiveness as a solvent allows it to dissolve necessary nutrients and gases in cells and blood. Additionally, maintaining pH levels is crucial for metabolic reactions, as variations can significantly affect physiological functions.

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The Essential Role of Water in Biochemical Reactions of Living Organisms

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  1. Biochemistry Chemical reactions in living things.

  2. Water Water is the most important inorganic compound in living things because….. • Most cellular activities take place in water solutions

  3. Water • Polar molecule • - has polar covalent bonds. • O has a slight (-) charge • H has a slight (+) charge • (-) • O • H H • (+) (+) • Polar water molecules interact with each other by forming hydrogen bonds.

  4. Properties of Water Cohesion: • the tendency of molecules to stick together.

  5. Properties of water (con’t) Adhesion: • the attractive force between different substances. • Example: • trees transport water from roots to leaves.

  6. Properties of water (con’t) Surface tension: • a measure of how difficult it is to break the surface of a liquid. • insects “walk” on the surface of water.

  7. Properties of water (con’t) High heat capacity: • has ability to resist temperature change. • the ocean stores heat from the sun and gives it off during cooling, keeping the climate more mild.

  8. Properties of water (con’t) Good solvent: • dissolves many solutes in all cells, blood, and plant sap.

  9. pH • the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution • Water molecules dissociate into ions • (H+) and (OH-)

  10. pH (con’t) • Acid- chemical compound that donates H+ atoms to solution • Base- compound that accepts H+ atoms and removes them from solution

  11. pH (con’t) • pH scale • 0-14 range • 7 neutral • 0-7 acidic • 7-14 basic

  12. pH (con’t) • In organisms, the pH must be maintained: • blood 7.4, stomach acid 2.0 • pH can affect the rate and nature of internal chemical reactions.

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