Classification: the process of grouping things according to similarities Taxonomy: the science of classifying and namin

1. Classification: the process of grouping things according to similarities Taxonomy: the science of classifying and naming living things

2. The “father of modern taxonomy” was Carolus Linnaeus- Swedish Botanist • Organisms are grouped by examining how an organism gets its energy, studying cells, comparing DNA and Structural Anatomy 1707-1778

3. Why is taxonomy an ongoing science?

4. 8 Classification Levels of Organisms From Largest to Smallest Group • Domain • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species Mnemonic Device?

5. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species King Phillip Called Oprah For Good Spices The Seven Level System

7. The Three Domains • • Domain Archaea • Includes newly discovered cell types • Contains 1 kingdom – the Archaebacteria • Domain Bacteria • Includes other members of old kingdom Monera • Has 1 kingdom – the Eubacteria • Domain Eukarya • Includes all kingdoms composed of organisms made • up of eukaryotic cells • – Protista • – Fungi • – Animalia • – Plantae

8. Domain Archaea

9. Domain Eubacteria

10. Domain Eukarya • Contains all of the eukaryotes • (organisms with a nucleus in their cells) • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia

11. The Old System

12. 6 Kingdom Proposal Archebacteria: the extreme environment dwellers Eubacteria: normal environment dwellers

13. Includes All Protists: • Eukaryotic • Unicellular • Animal-Like Protists (protozoans) • Pseudopods, Ciliates, Flagellates • Examples: Amoeba, Paramecia, Giardia • Plant-Like Protists (autotrophic) • Euglenoids, Dinoflagellates, Diatoms, Green/Red/Brown Algae • Fungus-Like Protists • Examples: Water molds, slime molds Kingdom Protista Paramecium Giardia Amoeba Water Mold Slime Mold Euglena Green Algae Brown Algae Dinoflagellates Diatom

14. Kingdom Fungi: All eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, sessile organismsIncludes: molds, mushrooms, rusts, lichens

15. Kingdom Plantae: All eukaryotic, multicellular, sessile organismsProduce their own food from sunlight and carbon dioxideCommon Phyla: Bryophyta (mosses), Pteridophyta (ferns),Coniferophyta (conifers, like pine trees), Angiospermophyta (angiosperms, like flowering plants) Primitive Plants Complex Plants Bryophyte (Moss) Pteridophyte(Fern) Pteridophyte(Fern) Coniferophytes (Pine Trees) Angiosperm; Dicot Angiosperm; Monocot

16. Animalia • All eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, motile (most) organisms

17. Porifera Ctenophora Cnidaria • Common Phyla: • Porifera (sponges, coral) • Cnidaria & Ctenophora (jellyfish and similar animals) • Platyhelmenthes (flat worms, tapeworms) • Nematoda (small unsegmented worms) Nematoda Platyhelminthes

18. Annelida Chordata • Mollusca (inc. clams, oysters, etc..) • Annelida (segmented worms) • Echinodermata (starfish and anemones) • Arthropoda (crustaceans, insects, spiders) • Chordata (anything w/ spinal chord) Arthropoda Molluska Echinodermata

19. Human Classification Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: Sapien

21. Ursus americanus American Black Bear Binomial Nomenclature: “a two-name system” First part of name: genus first letter always capitalized Second part of name: species first letter always lowercase Entire name is underlined and italicized Names must be submitted for acceptance by original discoverer, and are generally Latin or Latinized Why use a dead language?

22. Devil Cat

23. Ghost Cat

24. Mountain Lion

25. Screaming Cat

26. Puma

27. Florida Panther

28. Cougar

29. There are at least 50 common names for • the animal shown on the previous 7 slides. • Common names vary according to region. • Soooo……why use a scientific name?

30. Canis domesticus Canis lupus Closely related organisms are often in the same genus, also giving clues about their names

31. Felis concolor • Which is the genus? The species?