Welcome to

1. Welcome to College English Tutor Laurie Liu

2. Talking about yourself • In this unit • Study vocabulary related to work, leisure and studies; • Revise the simple and continuous present and past tense; • Revise the expression Used to to describe habitual past activities; • Practice writing by using linking words and pronouns.

3. Vocabulary • Connection 关系 • Current 当前的 • Hobby 业余嗜好 • Interest 兴趣 • Be relevant to… 与…相关的 • Be available for sth…. 有空做某事 • Placement 安置（工作安排） • Journalism 新闻学 • Specialization 专长 • Badminton 羽毛球 • Appropriate 合适的

4. Language Focus • 一般现在时 • 一般现在时常用于谈论经常性或习惯性的动作。 • I drive to work regularly. • I get up early. • 一般现在时还可以用于谈论不受时间限制的客观事实。 • He comes from Liverpool. • 现在进行时 • 用于表示现在正在或现阶段正在进行（而此刻不一定进行）的动作。 • I am talking. • What is she currently working on?

5. Language Focus • 状态动词通常不用于进行时态。除了动词以外，很多状态动词都与感观，情感和思绪活动有关，常用于表示状态的动词有： • To be to like to want to love • To hear to see to smell to sound • To hate to believe to feel to know • To think to understand to taste

6. Language Focus • 一般过去时 • 常用于表示过去某一时间或过去一段时期内发生的事件或动作。 • Jenny was working at a shoe store in 1985. • 过去进行时与一般过去时连用时，可用while, when和as连用。持续时间较短的动作用一般过去时。 • When we were having lunch, my mother told us an interesting story. • As we were watching TV, the postman arrived. • 时间介词 • at与具体的时间连用，例如：at 2 o’clock • on与具体的某一天或日期连用，例如：on 5 June

7. Activity 11 • Read the following text and underline all the verbs in the simple past tense and all the verbs in the continuous past tense. The first example of each has been done for you.( page 9) • When I was a little girl, my brothers and I collected stamps for many years. My mother didn’t use to work during the week, but she worked in the post office near our house on Saturdays, and she used to bring home all the new stamps as soon as they were issued.

8. Activity 11 • On the day of the World Cup football final in London in 1966, we were very excited because England were playing West Germany in the final. When we were having lunch, my brother told us to go to the post office straightaway after the match if England won, but she didn’t tell us why. At 2 o’clock my mother went back to work as usual, while the rest of the family were watching the football on TV at home. Although she wasn’t watching the match, she was listening to it on the radio.

9. Activity 11 • England won 4:2 and so my brothers and I ran to the post office. As we burst in, my mother was standing behind the counter. She was waiting to sell us a very special limited edition with ENGLAND WINNERS on each stamp. We were over the moon. We still have it today, and perhaps it is worth a lot of money.

10. Language Focus • “Used to+ 动词原形”常用于描述过去反复发生的动作，因此过去只发生过一次的动作不能使用这一机构。试比较： • He used to go to the cinema once a week. • He went to the cinema last week. • 只使用于反复发生在过去的动作或过去持续的状态，因此一直持续到现在的动作或状态不能使用这一结构。试比较： • We used to go camping every summer. • We have gone camping for years. • We used to be friends.

11. Language Focus • “Used to +动词原形 ”这一结构的疑问句，否定句及简略回答形式如下： • What did she use to do during the week? • My mother didn’t use to work during the week. • Did you use to see her very much? Yes, I did./ No, I didn’t. • 如果前后两个分句的主语和谓语动词是一致的，则后一分句中的谓语动词可以省略。 • I used to smoke, but I don’t (smoke) now. • 在一般现在时中没有相当于used to的结构。弱表达现在的习惯，则需使用一般现在时，有时也使用频度副词。如： • I play football on Saturdays.

12. Unit Two Family Influences • In this unit • Learn to describe people’s character, physical appearance and behavior; • Revise the passive in the past tense; • Extend your knowledge of multi-word verbs; • Revise the use of used to and learn to use would; • Learn how to describe and comment on other people’s habits.

13. Activity Two • Read the following text passage and decide which statements are true (T) and which are false (F). Correct the false statements. (page 21) • Anna is our only daughter. My wife and I have two sons and Anna is the youngest in the family, but she’s twenty-five now. Anna was not well when she was little. It was a very worrying time and she stayed at home a lot. She was seen first by the local doctors, and then she was sent to a specialist in Cardiff where she was diagnosed as diabetic. It was my wife who mainly took care of her then. I am not very good at looking after little children. I suppose I am a bit traditional in that way. But when she grew up a bit, we spent a lot of time together. We loved walking and talking and discussing life. We still love it today. We get on very well.

14. Activity Two • Although she looks like me (tall, dark hair, dark eyes and dark skin), she takes after her mother; she is artistic and musical, and like her mother she’s attractive. • She loves looking after animals- she has two dogs, three cats and a goat. She lives in a little house in the country. I like animals too. I like riding and hunting, but Anan hates hunting. She thinks it’s cruel. We discuss it a lot. • She is quiet and a bit shy with strangers. I am more outgoing and I love meeting new people. But she’s not boring- actually, she’s very funny. She always has lots of stories of her life in the country. She’s an art and music teacher in a little village school. • She is very good-natured. Anna says we brought her up well, and she’s going to bring her children up to be honest and loyal. But I think she was easy to bring up. I don’t remember ever telling her off.

15. Language Focus • 一般过去时的被动语态由“主语（动作承受者）＋be动词的过去式(was/were)＋过去分词（＋by ＋施动者）‘构成。例如： • She was seen first by the local doctors. • 在很多情况下，被动语态的句子不需要加by＋施动者。例如： • She was sent to a specialist in Cardiff. • She was diagnosed as diabetic.

16. Language Focus • Used to 和would • Used to 和would 均可以用于描述过去习惯性的或反复发生的动作。 • Would 和used to 一样后面加上动词原形可以用来描述过去习惯性的或反复发生的动作。 • When I was younger, I would cycle to work, but I don’t now. • Then we would go up to my bedroom and listen to pop records. • 否定式：would+not 常与ever连用 • My brother wouldn’t ever come to the fair with us.

17. Activity 11 The Extended Family • Scan the following questions before reading the passage. • 1. What does Mrs. Sharp look like? • 2. Is she young? • 3. Does she live in London? • 4. Why did she move? • 5. How did her mother help her with her first child? • 6. Where was the flat that she moved to with her young family? • 7. What did she do whenever she went to the shops?

18. Activity 11 The extended family • Read the passage on page 29. • Mrs. Sharp, a large, red-faced woman in (1) her late sixties, has lived in Greenleas, a “new town” in the countryside outside London, since 1958. Before that she lived in Bethnal Green, an area of inner London. She was moved to Greenleas by the local authorities when her old house was demolished. • She came from a large family with six girls and two boys, and she grew up among brothers, sisters, uncles, aunts, grandparents and they went on living with her parents, and her boyfriend from school at eighteen, (2)they went on living with her parents, and her first child was brought up more by her mother than by herself, because she always worked.

19. The Extended Family • As the family grew, they moved out of their parents’ house to a flat. (3)It was in the next street, and their life was still that of the extended family. “All my family used to live around Denby Street,” said Mrs. Sharp, “ and we were always in and out of each other’s houses.” When she went to the shops, she used to call in on her mother to see if (4) she wanted anything. Every day she would visit one sister or another and see a nephew or niece at the corner shop or in the market. • “ You always knew 90% of the people you saw in the street everyday, either (5) they were related to you or you were at school with them,” she said.

20. The Extended Family • When her babies were born (she had two sons and a daughter), she said,” All my sisters and neighbors would help – (6) they used to come and make a cup of tea, or help in some other way.” And every Saturday night there was a family party. • (7) It was at Mrs. Sharp’s mother’s house. “ Of course we all know each other very well. You have to learn to get on with each other. I had one neighbor who was always poking her nose into our business. (8) She was forever asking questions and gossiping. But you had to put up with everyone, whatever they were like.

21. Unit 3 Society and Family Life • In this unit • Study language for describing relationships and family life; • Learn to talk about trends; • Study time expressions and adverbs of frequency; • Revise the uses of the simple present, the simple past and the present perfect.

22. Language Focus • 描述发展趋势 • 1.动词 • 可以使用表示增减的动词的一般过去时来描述过去某一时间或某一阶段发生的变化趋势。 • Inflation fell from 8% in 1992 to 6% in 1995. • Inflation fell by 2% between 1992 and 1995. • 而动词的现在完成时则可以用来描述发生在过去，但现在还在持续的变化趋势。 • In general, unemployment has risen. • Unemployment has gone up rapidly from 4% in 1997 to 8% now.

23. Language Focus • 2.限定，修饰变化趋势的词语—副词和形容词，有些形容词和副词可以用来限定，修饰变化趋势： • Unemployment has gone up slowly. • There has been a slight rise in population. • 注意副词一般放在动词之后，而形容词一般放在名词之前。 • 3.与描述变化趋势连用的介词 • from用来描述变化的起始点。 • The average wage fell from 8 pounds per hour in 1992 to 7 pounds in 1995. • to 用来描述变化的终止点。 • Unemployment has gone up rapidly from 4% in 1997 to 8% in 2000. • By 用来描述量的变化。 • The average wage fell by 1 pound between 1992 and 1995.

24. Activity 11 A Day in the Life of a Career • Lily is is 70 years old and she takes care of her 91-year-old mother. She told us about caring for her mother. • I wake up early every day, it’s usually about 6.30 a.m., and wait until I hear Tilly, my mum, moving about. Then I make her a cup of tea. At about half past seven she gets up and we have breakfast together. We normally just have toast, but on Sundays we always have bacon and eggs. After breakfast she reads the newspaper, then she sits by the window and waves to the neighbors as they walk by. • She hardly ever goes out but she is very proud of her personal appearance, so she goes to the hairdresser once a month.

25. A Day in the Life of a Career • She doesn’t like being left on her own for very long, so I always arrange for a neighbor to come and sit with her when I go out. Now and again, my friend and neighbor, Joan, comes to spend the day with her, and I can go and have lunch with another friend, May, who lives in town. • I have a brother, Syd. He comes to stay two or three times a year. He is very good and keeps in touch, but he lives 300 miles away. Once a year, he collects mum and takes her to stay with him in London for a week. She doesn’t really like going because it’s a long journey, but I need the rest. • Sally, the nurse, comes to see mum regularly. My next-door neighbor, Jack, often calls in. in the evening we usually watch TV and we sometimes play cards. Mum is fantastic for her age. But I can never decide to go anywhere spontaneously. I always have to plan it, so I feel a bit trapped. But what is the alternative? An old people’s home? I couldn’t do that to my mother.

26. Unit 4 Change in Life • In this unit • Study language related to occupations and living; • Practice talking about the past; • Practice talking about the future; • Study attributive clauses; • Learn to express opinions.

27. Activity 1 • Scan the following questions, and then read the text. Try to answer the questions. • 1. What was Morgan Rees’s occupation before he first retired? • 2. How long did he continue to work after the normal retirement age? • 3. How old was he when he eventually retired? • 4. What did he do with his business when he left it? • 5. How did he feel after he retired? • 6. What did he do in secret? • 7. Where did he find out the factory was for sale? • 8. How did his family react? • 9. What has he done with the company since he took it over? • 10. What two things has he done to improve design?

28. Activity 1 • Morgan Rees has always been a good businessman. He used to own three petrol stations and was busy most of the time. When he was 65, the normal retirement age, he decided that he didn’t want to stop, so he carried on working for another two years. Eventually, when he was nearly 68, his wife, Dolly, asked him to retire because she wanted to enjoy their old age together. Reluctantly, he handed over the business to his son. • But he was unhappy. He didn’t know what to do with himself. Although he read a lot of books and he went on holiday to interesting places with his wife, he was bored and began to get depressed because he hated being retired.

29. Activity 1 • Then one day he saw an advertisement in the newspaper and, without telling his wife, he bought a small crockery factory. The next week he told his family. They were horrified and worried. They thought he was too old at 71 to start work again. • He is now 76 and he has expanded the company considerably. He has increased the number of staff from 6 to 24 and he has found many new customers for the products. He has developed the export market and has improved profits by 200%. He has opened a new design office and employed three young designers. They have been all over the world to get new ideas, and one of them has gone to France this week to a major trade fair. Most importantly, he hasn’t been bored since he bought the factory.

30. Language Focus • 一般过去时，用来表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。通常要与表示过去的时间状语连用。但有时时间状语可以省去不用，比如在下列例句中可以从上下文明确地看出动作发生的时间时，就可以省略时间状语。 • When he was 65, he decided that he didn’t want to stop. • Then one day he saw an advertisement in the newspaper and he bought a little crockery factory. The next week he told his family.

31. Language Focus • 现在完成时常用俩谈论发生在过去但对现在有影响的动作和时间。因此不能用具体表示过去的时间状语。 • Morgan Rees has always been a good businessman. • He hasn’t been bored since he bought the factory. • He has opened a new design office and employed three young designers. • They have been all over the world to get new ideas.

32. Language Focus • 谈论将来 • 1.现在进行时可以用来表示最近的将来，说明打算，安排和意图。 • Next month I’m having discussion with an agent in Brazil. • We’re staying for two weeks and we’re visiting Rio. • 2. “be going to +动词原形”也用来谈论将来的意图。这一结构在意义和用法上相当于动词intend. • I’m going to work till I drop. • I’m going to build another workshop. • I’m going to take on extra staff for that as well. • 以上的两种结构都可以用来表示将来。若强调安排则常用现在进行时结构，若强调意图常使用be going to +动词原形。

33. Language Focus • 表示安排 • Are you free in July? No, I’m staying with my parents in July. • Can you come out this evening? No, I’m studying hard for the exams. • 表示意图 • Have you got any plans for the summer? I’m going to stay with my parents in July. • What are your plans for the weekend? I’m going to study hard for the exams.

34. Language Focus • 定于从句（page 70) • 关系代词 • 关系代词的省略

35. Unit 5 Ambitions and Dreams • In this unit • Study language related to personally and jobs; • Learn how to use the past perfect tense; • Learn to talk about jobs and careers; • Practice talking about the future in the context of hopes and plans.

36. Activity 2 An Extraordinary Change of Direction • Molly Wilson had been a dancer and a mother for many years when she decided to sail round the world to raise money for charity. • As a child she had trained as a ballet dancer, but at 15 she had grown too tall for classical ballet, so she became a member of a pop dance team. • She got married, and after she had children she retired from show business to bring them up. They grew up, they and when they were 18 they left home. • She says, “ When I decided to do the round-the-world race, my husband thought I was bored because the children had left home. He was also worried because I had never sailed before. I was not bored, but I had met some people who told me about the race. They had taken part in it, but they had only done one section, say, from New Zealand to Australia. I wanted to do the whole ten-month journey.”

37. An Extraordinary Change of Direction • Before Molly left she did a lot of training, but it hadn’t prepared her for the worst weather which they experienced. She tells one story. “ One night the sea was very rough and it was very cold. I had gone downstairs when a huge wave smashed into the boat and injured two men on the deck. One of the men couldn’t move because he had broken his leg. They were taken to hospital by helicopter. That was the worst time.” • By the end of October last year, she had raided more than 50,000 pounds for charity. • She says, “Sometimes I ask myself, what did I do? How did I do it? But then I think, it’s the same as being a dancer. Before I left on the trip, I had trained hard. I had got very fit and had prepared myself completely. Then on the trip I was simply a good team member.”

38. Activity 13 How did you score? • Read the quiz on page 88 and answer the questions Yes or No. • Personality • More As. You are more interested in caring for people than making decisions and controlling situations. Consider a career in education, social work or medicine, such as doctor, psychiatrist, teacher, lecturer, or counsellor. • More Bs. You probably enjoy jobs that involve control, business or management. Consider a career in a large company in marketing or finance or an organisation, such as the police or the army. • Abilities and Skills • More As. You like detail, logical processes and order in your work. Consider a career in the law, banking, education support(e.g. librarian, researcher), translation or the civil service.

39. Activity 13 How did you score? • More Bs. You prefer to use creativity and intuition to make decisions. You are more interested in the big picture than in details. Consider a career in the arts, such as designer, advertiser, window dresser. • Preferences • More As. You prefer to work alone and are happy to take responsibility and control the situations you are in. you are ambitious and want to be successful in other people’s eyes. You must be aware of this when you choose a career. • More Bs. Your relations with others are more important than success in other people’s eyes. You need to be sure when you choose a career that you like the people you work with.

40. Language Focus • 过 去 完 成 时（page 81) • 过 去 完 成 时 常 用 来 描 述 在 过 去 某一时 间 以 前 完 成 的 动 作 或 事 件 。 • 结 构 • Had+动 词 的 过 去 分词

41. Unit 7 An Englishman’s HomeIs His Castle In this unit Study vocabulary related to houses and location; Study the structures to need doing and to have/get sth done; Study adjectives and their dependent prepositions; Focus on the function of complaining and apologising; Work on letter writing and the use of connectives.

42. Activity 2 • John Preston lives in a flat in north London. He moved there after his wife died four years ago to be closer to his daughter’s family, and because his big detached house and garden were too much work for him as he got older. It’s easier in the flat because the letting agent does everything that needs doing. The agent has had the roof repaired and got the gutter replaced, but at the moment John is not satisfied because the window frames need painting and the garden looks neglected. The agent had the windows painted two years ago, but the painters didn’t do it very well, so they need doing again. John pays over 1,500 pounds a year for service and maintenance, and he thinks that it’s not good enough because the flats look shabby and a lot of things need repairing.

43. Activity 2 • His daughter, June, and her husband, Pete, on the other hand, have to do everything themselves or find builders to do it. They live in a large semi-detached house further out from the centre of London than John, but they are still near enough to see him often. They live in the suburbs with a nice garden where their children play. They moved there four years ago to have more space. The only drawback is that June’s husband has to commute into the centre of London every day, but, overall, they are happy with their decision. When they bought the house, a lot needed doing to it and it still does. June says, “ We have a list of things to do as long as your arm-the roof needs repairing and the chimney needs mending. The bedrooms need decorating and we haven’t had the broken windowpanes replaced yet in the conservatory. We need to fix the gate and repair the path-it looks dreadful when you arrive.

44. Language Focus • To need + doing和to need + to do • To need + doing意 思 是“某 物（ 事） 需 要…”,表 示 被 动 意 义. The roof needs repairing. My hair needs cutting. • To need + to do意 思 事“ 某 人 (主 语 )需 要 做 某 事”. They need to repair the roof. We need to study English.

45. Activity 11 • Scan the following questions before reading the passage. • 1.What were the residents dissatisfied with? • 2.What did they set up? • 3.How did they feel about the agent’s inactivity? • 4.What did John become? • 5.How did the residents feel about telephoning and complaining to the agent? • 6.What did the residents ask John to say in his letter? • 7.When will they pay the service payment?

46. Activity 11 • The residents of 24 Acacia Grove were dissatisfied with the condition of the property, so John Preston called a meeting to discuss things last week. At the meeting John suggested setting up a residents’ committee. • Everyone was so worried and angry about the agent’s inactivity that they agreed, and they elected John as chairman of the committee. Many residents said that they were tired of telephoning the agent and tired of complaining about the flats, they though that he didn’t do enough. • Therefore John was asked to write to the agent and say that they were disappointed with the management of the flats. • The next service payment was due at the end of the month. However, they agreed not to pay it until they were happy with the plans to improve the property. • They decided to tell the agent that he must start the work within one month. They all went away very pleased with themselves.

47. Language Focus • 1. therefore • Therefore 表 示 结 果 ，意 思 是“所 以 ，因 此”。 • They thought that the agent didn’t do enough, therefore John was asked to write to him. • Therefore常与 and连用。 • He worked day and night, and therefore he was able to buy a new sports car. • 2.although • Although 意思为“虽然 但是”， 所引 导 的 从 句 可 以 放 在 主 句 的 前 面，也 可 以 放 在主句 的 后 面。 • Although they were 75 years old, they still played tennis every day. • 3.However • However 意 思 是“然 而 ，但 是”，表 示 转 折， 与but 意 思 相 同，但 是 较 正 式 的 说 法 。 • He was wealthy. However, he was very mean.

48. Language Focus • 形容词与其搭配的介词 • I was angry with Ben. • Jenny was angry about this matter. • I am tired of this dish. • We are concerned about it. • Mr. Roberts is responsible for the sales Department. • The professor was dissatisfied with the answer. • His Das is worried about her health. • Everybody was upset by what she said.