200

1. Cell Biology DNA, RNA Proteins Cell Processes Any and Everything on Biology 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500

2. Cell Biology 100 Which organelle packages proteins into vesicles? Ribosome Mitochondria Golgi Apparatus Nuclear Membrane

3. Cell Biology 100 C. Golgi Apparatus

4. Cell Biology 200 Which structure is found in eukaryotes but NOT in prokaryotes? Nucleus Protein Coat Cell Membrane Ribosomal RNA

5. Cell Biology 200 A. Nucleus

6. Cell Biology 300 Scientist are studying an enzymes involved in the repair of genetic material in the nucleus. Which type of biological molecule is the enzymes? Lipid Protein Ribonucleic acid Deoxyribonucleic acid

7. Cell Biology 300 B. Protein

8. Cell Biology 400 Energy is stored in fats and proteins. Which organelle produces ATP from these energy sources? Nucleolus Ribosomes Lysosomes Mitochondria

9. Cell Biology 400 D. Mitochondria

10. Cell Biology 500 Students observed bubbles of gas rising from a photosynthesizing underwater plant. They made several observations using a light at different distances from the plant. They took turns recording their observations in the table. Which statement MOST likely explains why the fourth observations does not seem to agree with the other observations? The heat from the light caused bubble formation to slow down. An error was made by the student who observed and recorded this rate of bubble formation. The rate that bubbles formed was not depended on distance from the light source. The student used a different meter stick to measure the distance between the plant and the light.

11. Cell Biology 500 B. An error was made by the student who observed and recorded this rate of bubble formation.

12. DNA 100 Which of these monomers are linked together to assemble proteins? Bases Sugars Fatty acids Amino Acids

13. DNA 100 D. Amino Acids

14. DNA 200 Which of these BEST describes the sequence of steps in protein synthesis? RNA is replicated in the nucleus  DNA is assembled from RNA at the ribosomes  proteins are assembled in the cytoplasm RNA is replicated in the ribosomes RNA is transcribed into DNA in the cytoplasm proteins are assembled in the cytoplasm DNA is transcribed to RNA at the ribosomes RNA carries the genetic information into the nucleus proteins are assembled in the nucleus DNA is transcribed to RNA in the nucleus RNA carries the genetic information into the cytoplasm  proteins are assembled at the ribosomes

15. DNA 200 D. DNA is transcribed to RNA in the nucleus  RNA carries the genetic information into the cytoplasm  proteins are assembled at the ribosomes

16. DNA 300 During translation, a messenger RNA codon is paired with The anticodon of the ribosomal RNA molecule that carries three amino acid. The anticodon of a transfer RNA molecule that carries one amino acids. The anticodon of a ribosomal RNA molecule that carries one amino acid. The anticodon of transfer RNA molecule that carries one amino acid.

17. DNA 300 D. The anticodon of a transfer RNA molecule that carries one amino acid.

18. DNA 400 The table above list four proteins and their functions in the human body. How are the compositions of these four proteins different? They differ in the number and sequence of amino acids. They differ in the number and sequence of nucleic acids. Each of them is a chain of different kinds of lipid molecules Each of them is a chain of different kinds of sugar molecules.

19. DNA 400 A. They differ in the number and sequence of amino acids

20. DNA 500 Phosphate Group ? The diagram above shows a portion of the nucleotide. Which substance could complete the nucleotide? RNA Adenine A protein An amino acid 5-Carbon Sugar Molecule

21. DNA 500 B. Adenine

22. Proteins 100 Which statement best explains the role of ribosomes in proteins synthesis? Ribosomes are the sites where DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA. Ribosomes assemble chains of proteins from pieces of DNA in the nucleus. Ribosomes are the sites where the messenge in mRNA is translated into proteins. Ribosomes carry messenger RNA to the cytoplasm wher it is translated into DNA.

23. Proteins 100 C. Ribosomes are the sites where the messenge in mRNA is translated into proteins

24. Proteins 200 Using your amino acid chart, translate the mRNA sequence. Which amino acid sequence is coded for by the mRNA section? G U C C A A A C G Val-Gln-Thr Cys-Thr-Gln Phe-Ser-Tyr Val-Pro-Asn

25. Proteins 200 A. Val-Gln-Thr

26. Proteins 300 How is DNA able to control the synthesis of a protein in an eukaryotic cell? DNA condenses into single strands, which are able to leave the nucleus to synthesize proteins. The information in DNA is transcribed into RNA, which can leave the nucleus to synthesize proteins. Amino acids enter the nucleus and attach to DNA, which forms them into proteins. Ribosomes enter the nucleus, where they can make proteins while attached to the DNA.

27. Proteins 300 B. The information in DNA is transcribed to RNA, which can leave the nucleus to synthesize proteins.

28. Proteins 400 Scientist compared the genes and proteins from a root cell and leaf cell of a single apple tree. What will the scientist observe about the cells? They have different sets of genes but the same set of proteins. They have different set of genes and different set of proteins. They have the same set of genes and the same of proteins. They have the same set of genes but different set of proteins.

29. Proteins 400 D. They the have same set of genes but different sets of proteins

30. Proteins 500 Actin is a protein involved in muscle contraction. Myelin is a protein involved in nerve function. The structures of the two proteins are different because they are made of: Different nucleic acids. Different numbers and sequences of amino acids. Amino acids linked in different branching patterns. Different arrangements of sugars, phosphates, and nitrogen bases.

31. Proteins 500 B. Different numbers and sequences of amino acids.

32. Cell Processes 100 Which event occurs during the light-dependent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis? The choloroplast obtains energy and releases carbon dioxide and water The choloroplast splits the water molecule and oxygen atoms are released. The cholorplast uses the energy stored in ATP to make sugar from carbon dioxide. The cholorplast captures light energy by generating ATP in the thylakoid membrane.

33. Cell Processes100 C. The chloroplast use stored in ATP to make sugar from carbon dioxide

34. Cell Processes 200 How do cells move material from an area of low concentration across a membrane into an area of higher concentration? Active transport, which requires using energy Facilitated diffusion, which requires using energy Active transport, which does not require using energy. Facilitated diffusion, which does not require using energy

35. Cell Processes 200 A. Active transport, which requires using energy

36. Cell Processes 300 • This diagram shows the normal red blood cells. Students placed red blood cells in three solutions with different salt concentrations. The diagram below show the change that occurred in the red blood cell. Which of these sequences gives the relative concentrations of salt in each solution from highest salt concentration to lowest salt concentration? • Solution 3 Solution 2 Solution 1 • Solution 3  Solution 1Solution 2 • Solution 1  Solution 3Solution 2 • Solution 2 Solution 1 Solution 3 Red Blood Cells in Solutions of Different Salt Concentration Solution Solution Solution 2 1 3

37. Cell Processes 300 D. Solution 2Solution 1Solution 3

38. Cell Processes 400 A medical researcher found that a bacterial infection in some of her patients had become resistant to medications. What would be the BEST way for the researcher to learn more about why the bacteria are resistant to medications? Observe uninfected patients to see whether they develop the infection Compare the genetic composition of the resistant bacteria to that of nonresistant bacteria Stop treating the patients who have the infection and see whether they get better Grow the resistant bacteria in a culture with other types of bacteria and see how they affect each other

39. Cell Processes 400 B. Compare the genetic composition of the resistant bacteria to that of nonresistant bacteria

40. Cell Processes 500 Which list gives the first few steps of replication in the correct order? DNA strands separates, complementary nucleotides are added, then DNA unwinds Complementary nucleotides are added, DNA unwinds, the DNA strands separate Complementary nucleotides are added, DNA strands separate, the DNA unwinds DNA unwinds, DNA strands separate, complementary nucleotides are added

41. Cell Processes 500 D. DNA unwinds, DNA strand separates, complementary nucleotides are added

42. Any and Everything in Biology 100 • The picture shows an agent that causes disease. In which group should this agent be placed? • Viruses • Animals • Eukaryotic Bacteria • Prokaryotic Bacteria

43. Any and Everything in Biology 100 A. Viruses

44. Any and Everything in Biology 200 A nerve cell and a liver cell in the same organism contain different combinations of proteins. Which of these statements BEST explains why different cells are different proteins? The different cells in an organism contain different genes Each cell in an organism transcribes only the genes that cell needs to perform its functions. Each cell in an organism produces the same proteins, but the ones that aren’t needed are immediately digested. The different cells in an organism all transcribed the same genes, but their ribosome make different proteins from them.

45. Any and Everything in Biology 200 B. Each cell in an organism transcribes only the genes that the cell needs to perform its functions.

46. Any and Everything in Biology 300 Scientists are studying an inherited disease in which cells make an inactive protein that is too small. Which statement most likely explain why the cell make an inactive protein? Only introns were used to create the protein. The codons in the mRNA each contained only two nucleotides. There was a mutation in the cell’s DNA sequence. There were too few amino acids in the nucleus to make a normal protein.

47. Any and Everything in Biology 300 C. There was a mutation in the cell’s DNA sequence

48. Any and Everything in Biology 400 pH 2.0 37 C Pepsin, a human digestive enzyme, breaks down proteins in the stomach. A scientist studied the activity of pepsin under the different conditions shown in the table. In which trial will the activity of pepsin MOST likely be the highest? Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trail 4

49. Any and Everything in Biology 400 A. Trial 1

50. Any and Everything in Biology 500 Amylase is an enzyme that the body uses to break down starch into simple sugars. Maria added starch and amylase to a test tube of water at room temperature. She recorded how long it took for all the starch to break down. If Maria repeats the experiment, what could she do speed up the breakdown of starch? Cool the test tube below body temperature Warm the test tube the body temperature Add less starch to the test tube Add more sugar to the test tube