Unit 8 – Solaris File Systems

File System Types • UFS – Unix File System. The default file system type for Solaris • HSFS – High Sierra File System – CDROM file system format based on the ISO 9660 standard • PCFS – Personal Computer File System – DOS formatted floppies • UDF – Universal Disk Format – mainly for reading DVD. New to Solaris 8 • Remember, a file system is a hierarchical collection of directories and files. Copyright 2002, Marchany

File Systems • New Solaris 8 feature is UFS logging. This allows you to rebuild a FS quicker. • NFS allows you to mount remote file systems from other servers in the network. Solaris 8 is now capable of recording all file operations performed on its exported file systems. This is called NFS Server Logging. Copyright 2002, Marchany

Creating New File Systems • Disk partitions are like virtual disks. It is a way to subdivide a single disk into several virtual disks. • Naming convention: • CxTyD0Sz • Cx – Controller X, X=0-7 • Ty – SCSI ID Y, Y=0-15 • D0 – always set this way • Sz – Slice(Partition) Z, Z=0-7 Copyright 2002, Marchany

Creating New File Systems • Identify the disk partition you want to use. • Use the ‘newfs’ command to create the file system structure on that partition. • newfs /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s1 • 3% of the actual available space is reserved for system maintenance. • A lost+found directory is created for file system checks and repair Copyright 2002, Marchany

fsck • fsck is the Unix file system repair command. • It’s very useful for checking and repairing problems with the disk, file system, superblocks and inodes. These problems are usually caused by a hardware failure or power loss. Copyright 2002, Marchany

du, df • The du command displays the size of a directory in a file system. • du –s directory • Displays the total size of the directory • du directory • Displays the sizes of the files inside the directory • The df command displays all of the mounted file systems, their sizes and capacity. Copyright 2002, Marchany

quot • The quot command will display how much disk space is being used by a particular user. • 2 flags • -a – report on all mounted file systems • -f – report the number of files owned by the user. Copyright 2002, Marchany

mount, umount • File systems must be mounted before they can be accessed by users. • The mount point is the anchor point for the directory tree structure. A mount point is basically an empty directory until you mount a file system on it. • The umount command detaches the file system from the mount point and makes the FS unavailable to the users. Copyright 2002, Marchany

/etc/mnttab, /etc/vfstab • 2 files that control and list the mounted files systems. • /etc/mnttab is a system generated file listing the currently mounted file systems. This is not a text file anymore…Solaris 8 changed that. • /etc/vfstab is the file that tells the system which file systems to mount at boot time. Copyright 2002, Marchany

/etc/vfstab • /, /usr, /var, /opt, /proc, /tmp, /home or /export/home are automatically mounted at boot. • /etc/vfstab contains the information needed to mount these file systems. • Add your file systems to this file if you want them mounted at boot. Copyright 2002, Marchany

/etc/vfstab • 7 fields • Device path to the file system • Raw device path to the disk partition to fsck • The mount point directory • The file system type (ufs, pcfs, hsfs, uds) • The order for fsck to run • Mount at boot? Copyright 2002, Marchany

What’s in the file systems and System Directories • / - top of the Unix directory tree. All directories are components of this tree. • /etc – system configuration files, password files and databases • /opt – default location of optional software. The default location for most Sun software. • /proc – special system FS that contains a list of active processes on the system. • /tmp – scratch work area. Solaris uses this as swap space. Copyright 2002, Marchany

What’s in the file systems and System Directories • /usr – contains system binaries and libraries. Also used to contain freeware. • /var – used to store the system logs • /home, /export/home – default location of the user home directories • /var/run – repository for temp system files that aren’t needed across system reboots. Copyright 2002, Marchany

Reading from the CDROM • Solaris Volume Management is enabled by default so it’s easy to load a cd. • Once you load it in the drive, Solaris automatically mounts it to /cdrom • To look at the content of the CD: • ls –l /cdrom/cdrom0 • Use the cp command to copy files from the CD to disk. • To unload the CD • cd out of the cdrom directory • Enter: eject cdrom Copyright 2002, Marchany

tar • The tar command is used to put all of the contents of a directory tree in a single file. • This file can be moved to other locations or systems and then expanded back to the original directory structure • 5 main modes • C – create a tar file from a directory • X – extract a directory from a tar file • T – list the contents of a tar without extracting it • R – append files to the end of the tar file • U – update files if they’ve been modified since the last tar Copyright 2002, Marchany

compress, uncompress, zcat • Compress command tries to make a file smaller in size by using Lempel-Zic encoding. If successful, the file name has a .Z appended to it. • Uncompress returns the file to its original size. • Zcat does the same as uncompress but it leaves the original file alone. It uncompresses the file in memory and writes it out to standard output. Saves some space. Copyright 2002, Marchany

pack, unpack, pcat, zip • The pack command is a functional equivalent to the compress command. • Unpack is the functional equivalent of the uncompress command. • Pcat is like zcat. • Zip implements the common PKZIP format found in Windows. Unzip does the reverse. Copyright 2002, Marchany

Unit 8 – Solaris File Systems