Industrial Revolution: Changing Lives, Economy, and Society

1. Chapter 7 Section 1

2. Focus Question • Where was Napoleon Bonaparte Exiled (both places)?

3. Dawn of the Industrial Age • Prior to the 1700’s most people lived in small farming villages • Industrial Revolution Changes everything • Started in Britain • Industrial Revolution spread affecting every social class and realm of life. • Before the Revolution • People Made their own living, food, and clothes • Few people traveled outside of their villages • Many people never left a 10 mile radius • Only traveled as far as your feet or horse could carry you. • 1800’s sparked a change in the world and the way people lived their lives

4. Industry Spreads • By the 1800’s people were experimenting with new inventions and ideas. • Sewing machine • Anesthetic • Metal works • Medications • The industrial countries came to be known as the “west” • The Industrial Revolution was a turning point in world history • changed how people lived, worked, and traveled.

5. Agriculture Spurs Industry • Agricultural Revolution occurred • Dutch led the Revolution • Invented Dikes (Walls to hold back water) • Used fertilizer • Planted a variety of crops to put minerals back into the soil. • Crop rotation • New Machines were invented to make farming easier • Seed Drill • Metal plow

6. Enclosures • People begin to enclose their lands • Keep their crops and animals separate from others • Millions of acres were enclosed in Europe • People were able to keep track of their animals • Began branding their animals • Because of new inventions large fields needed fewer workers so the cost was cheaper • Many farm laborers lost their job

7. The Population explodes • The agricultural revolution brought about an increase in population • Population of Europe grew by 80 million between 1700 and 1800 • Why did the population grow? • Agricultural revolution reduced the risk of famine • Created a surplus of food • People were healthier because of the food • Better hygiene • Better sanitation • Improved medical care

8. Technology • Technology aided the Industrial Revolution • New Energy sources were discovered • Coal • Steam • Water • Iron improves • Iron became stronger • Less expensive • Steel bridges and buildings were constructed

9. CHAPTER 7 Section 2

10. Focus Question • What is crop rotation?

11. Britain • Britain explode as a power country during the industrial revolution • More food was produced in Britain • Larger/healthier families • Agricultural revolution changed the Nation • Created a larger supply of crops and meat • People move to cities • Supply in population and the unemployed farm hands created a ready supply of labor • Coal mines, factories, industrial jobs

12. Why Britain • Britain has an abundance of Natural Resources • Coal, iron, tin, oil • Water Sources • Ports, harbors, navigable rivers, canals • Britain's large empire encouraged trade • The increase in population boosted the demand for goods. • Government Supports Economics Growth • Entrepreneurs were people who assumed the risk of investing capitol into a company.

13. Textile Industry • Cottage Industries (putting out system) • Making Clothes From Home • New Inventions for clothing • Flying shuttle • Spinning jenny • Because so much cloth was needed cotton was in high demand • Cotton Gin was created by Eli Whitney • Cotton Exploded as a cash crop

14. Factories come about • Cottage industries are short lived • Manufacturers made factories • Placed them on the rivers • Easy to transport goods (steam Engine) • Factories had hazards • Limbs were lost • Women, men and children worked here • Very poor working conditions • The industrial revolution triggered a chain reaction. • Prices fell on goods • More consumers could buy materials

15. Transportation Revolution • Turnpikes were created • Private roads • Canals were built • Transported good to and from factories to the sea • Ships could move throughout Britain • Steam Locomotives were invented • Rain lines were built • Made transport faster and more efficient • The Industrial Revolution is going to change Europe: Politically, socially, and Economically

17. Chapter 7 Section 3

18. Focus Question • What were cottage industries?

19. Social Impact of the Revolution • Revolution brought wealth to the entrepreneurs of the time • Revolution brought poverty and harsh living conditions to people working in factories • Revolution brought rapid urbanization • Towns formed around factories or mines • Produced pollution and horrible living conditions

20. New Social Class • Revolution Creates a new middle class • Owned and operated factories • Comfortable lifestyles • Working class • Worked in factories and mines • Lived in harsh conditions • Entrepreneurs benefited most from the revolution they belonged to the middle class • Known as the English Bourgeoisie • Inventors, thinkers, artisans

21. The “New” Middle Class • You could rise up to achieve middle class status • Had no pity for the poor • Many rose up from lower social statuses • Middle class women did not leave the home. • Cared for children • Did not have servants or help • Lived in nice homes on paved roads • Had a regular supply of water

22. New Social Class Nobles Middle Class Working Class

23. Working Class • Their children had to work in factories • Lived in the slums • Lived in Tenements • Didn’t have running water • No sewage systems • Garbage and dead rats rotted in the streets • People lived with rats and flees • Sewage was dumped in the water leading to water contamination • Cholera • Dysentery

24. Religion • Working class found comfort in religion • Many converted to Methodism • John Wesley • Stressed personal sense of faith • Helped Relieve stress from the horrible working conditions

25. Harsh factory life • Life for factory workers was a harsh reality • Forced for work long hours and work weeks • 12-16 hours a day • 6-7 days a week • Breathed chemicals and pollution • Damaged lungs • Led to TB • Women were who factories preferred to hire • Easier to control • Would beat them • Only had to pay half the wage of a man

26. Revolution called for more iron • Miners worked in the dark • Breathing coal dust and toxic fumes • Mines were dangerous • Tunnels collapsing • Flooding • explosions • Children carried the coals out of the tunnels • Children worked in factories and mines • Small hands could reach parts of the machines • Earned less than men and women • Child labor reform called the factory acts were passed in the 1800’s because of child labor • Laws were not enforced • Many children died or were severely injured Miners Children

27. Chapter 7 Section 4

28. Focus Question • What did the new social pyramid look like?

29. New Way of Thinking • Britain creates new ways of life • Laissez Faire Economics- Hands off approach • Government doesn’t become involved • Started by the middle class • Britain created a free market economy

30. Thomas Malthus was an economist during the Industrial revolution that fought to solve poverty • Thought that the growing population would run out of food • Thought the population would decrease if the living conditions didn’t increase • Didn’t think the working middle class would ever escape poverty. • Like Malthus didn’t have much faith in the middle class. • Opposed government reform for the poor • Thought the poor were lazy and needed to work harder to get out of poverty. Thomas Malthus Ricardo

31. Society should be the greatest happiness for the greatest number of citizens • All laws should provide more happiness than pain • Thought the government should be involved • People as a whole rather than individuals controel industry • Robert Owen • Utopia is established • When people are good then good things will come Utilitarian's Socialist

32. Karl Marx • Marx wrote the communist manifesto • Created communism • Marx created two groups • Have’s and have Not's • Proletariat is the working class

33. Focus Question • What is the Vatican City?

34. Focus Question • What is Laissez Faire Economics?