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Enzymes

Enzymes. Introductory Microbiology. The Nature of Energy. The Laws of Thermodynamics. First Law: Conservation of Energy. Second Law: Increasing Entropy. Energy Diagrams. Collision Theory – Chemistry is in the Impact. Reaction Diagrams – Visualizing the Chemistry.

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Enzymes

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  1. Enzymes Introductory Microbiology

  2. The Nature of Energy

  3. TheLaws of Thermodynamics

  4. First Law: Conservation of Energy

  5. Second Law: Increasing Entropy

  6. Energy Diagrams

  7. Collision Theory – Chemistry is in the Impact

  8. Reaction Diagrams – Visualizing the Chemistry

  9. Exergonic Reaction C D E Gibb’s Free Energy A F B Progression of Reaction

  10. What would an Endergonic Reaction look like?

  11. Enzymes and Catalysts

  12. How can you increase the rate of a reaction?

  13. Increase the Concentration

  14. Increase the Temperature

  15. Catalysts can alter the speed of a reaction.

  16. Catalysts have several characteristics

  17. Decrease the Activation Energy of a reaction

  18. Is not used up or altered in the reaction.

  19. Stabilizes the transition state of the reaction.

  20. Does not change the basic energetic of the reaction

  21. C D E Gibb’s Free Energy A F B Progression of Reaction

  22. Catalysts Enzymes Proteins

  23. Enzyme Structure

  24. Active Site Cofactor/Coenzyme Binding Site Allosteric Site

  25. There are three main areas we will focus on.

  26. Active Site Active Site

  27. Cofactor/Coenzyme Binding Site. Cofactor/Coenzyme Binding Site

  28. Allosteric Site Allosteric Site

  29. Enzyme Mechanism

  30. Enzyme Action Cofactor/Coenzyme Enzyme - Active Enzyme - Inactive

  31. Enzyme Action (cont.) Substrate Enzyme - Active Enzyme - Active

  32. Enzyme Action (cont.) Enzyme - Active Enzyme - Active

  33. Enzyme Action (cont.) Enzyme - Active Enzyme - Active

  34. Enzyme Pathways

  35. E1 E2 E3 A B C D

  36. Pathways allow for smaller energy increments

  37. Enzyme Regulation

  38. Competitive Inhibition Inhibitor Substrate Enzyme - Active

  39. Consider these Situations Enzyme - Active Enzyme - Active

  40. But what about this one? Enzyme - Active

  41. Feedback Inhibition A B C D E1 E2 E3

  42. Feedback Mechanism Inhibited Enzyme

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