1 / 15

Biological Macromolecules Notes

Biological Macromolecules Notes. Molecules necessary for every living thing on Earth to survive. They are all organic – contain Carbon (C). How do they bond together?. Dehydration synthesis – process in wincha a water molecule (H 2 O) is removed so that bonding can take place.

dameron
Télécharger la présentation

Biological Macromolecules Notes

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Biological MacromoleculesNotes Molecules necessary for every living thing on Earth to survive. They are all organic – contain Carbon (C)

  2. How do they bond together? • Dehydration synthesis – process in wincha a water molecule (H2O) is removed so that bonding can take place. • Hydrolysis – process where a molecule splits into smaller molecules and gains a water molecule (H2O).

  3. Carbohydrates

  4. Carbohydrates • Sugars and starches are in a ring shape. • Made of C-H-O in a 1:2:1 ratio. • One single monomer is called a monosaccharide, ex. Glucose (C6H12O6) • Two monomers are called a disaccharide, ex. Sucrose (C12H24O12) • Three or more monomers are called a polysaccharide (starches): • Glycogen – stored in animals • Cellulose – stored in plants

  5. Carbohydrates • The process of changing monomers together into polymers is called polymerization. • With carbs it is done through dehydration synthesis. • Carbs provide all animal energy! • Examples: corn, potatoes, pasta, bread, candy, etc.

  6. Lipids

  7. Lipids • Fats, oils, and waxes. • Made of C-H-O in the formation of a chain with a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.

  8. Lipids • This group is a phospholipids. • Two lipids back their fatty acids up and form the bilayer making up the membrane covering of cells. • They create a waterproof covering. • Lipids store energy in layers. • Examples: Butter, vegetable oil, animal fat.

  9. Lipids • There are two types of lipids: • Saturated fat which is solid at room temperature and made of a single C-C bond. • Unsaturated fat which is liquid a room temperature and contains at least one double C=C bond.

  10. Protein NH2 COOH

  11. Protein • Made of C-H-O-N chained together by polypeptide bonds. • Each section is an amino acid; when chained together they make 1 protein. • There are 20 naturally occurring amino acids that build all proteins. • Each protein structure is identified in groups. • Amino Group (NH2) • Carboxyl Group (COOH)] • R Group – variable that determines the protein.

  12. Proteins • Proteins build muscle tissue, regulate cell process and are the source for catalyst reactions. • Chaining amino acids together is called protein synthesis and is performed in RNA. • Ex.: Glycoproteins, Insulin, Testosterone, and Estrogen

  13. Nucleic Acid

  14. Nucleic Acids • Made of C-H-O-N-P in units called nucleotides containing a P(phosphate) group, a S(sugar) group, and an N(nitrogen base) group. • The type of sugar determines DNA (deoxyribose – double strand) or RNA (ribose – single strand).

  15. Nucleic Acids • DNA nitrogen bases are paired up: • Adenine with Thymine • Guanine with Cytosine • RNA bases are the same EXCEPT Thymine is REPLACED by Uracil. • DNA carries all genetic material for inheritance. • RNA cause protein synthesis that makes protein chains. • ATP is adenosine triphosphate – pure energy formed during cellular respiration for body usage and movement.

More Related