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Management of Plants & Soils for Sustainable Production In the Andean Region

Management of Plants & Soils for Sustainable Production In the Andean Region. Penn State University Paul Backman, Plant Pathology Jonathan Lynch, Siela Maximova & Mark Gultinan, Horticulture Graduate Students (degree program) Rachel Melnik (Ph.D., U.S.) Amelia Henry (Ph.D., U.S.)

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Management of Plants & Soils for Sustainable Production In the Andean Region

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  1. Management of Plants &Soils for Sustainable ProductionIn the Andean Region • Penn State University • Paul Backman, Plant Pathology • Jonathan Lynch, Siela Maximova & Mark Gultinan, Horticulture • Graduate Students (degree program) • Rachel Melnik (Ph.D., U.S.) • Amelia Henry (Ph.D., U.S.) • Raul Jaramillo (Ph.D., Ecuador) • Danilo Vera M.S. (proposed trainee, Ecuador)

  2. Sustainable Cacao Production • Find Superior Cacao Lines • Preference to Nacional types • Develop Rooted Cuttings & tissue culture • Find Associated Beneficial Microflora • Colonize Multiple Cacao lines • Determine if disease resistance is enhanced

  3. Maximova & Guiltinan help to increase select lines of cacao nacional germplasm by clonal propogation--Rooting System in Pichilingue

  4. SANREM--Ecuador • Problem: Need isolates that can be released in South America • Collected 69 isolates (endospore- formers) • Leaves • Pods • Stems • Flower cushions

  5. Growth Chamber Study Determines Beneficial Micro-organisms, Growth & Survival

  6. Prescreening for Disease Suppression (black rot)

  7. Frosty Pod an emerging problem for South American cacao

  8. Phytophthora capsici—Black Rot Moniliophthora roreri--Frosty Pod Rot AntibiosisStudies

  9. Disease challenge in Ecuador 5 different superior cacao ‘Nacional’ lines from Ecuador’s germplasm collection are being evaluated with and without 5 different beneficial Ecuadorian endophytes for suppression of witches’ broom disease.

  10. Sustainable Intercropping

  11. Local Farmer in Bolivar Province utilizes Canavalia to suppress nematodes and Beauvaria to kill weevils—Organic Marketing

  12. Cacao Intercropping with plantain Cacao planted alone had almost double the severity of Witches’ broom

  13. Measures of Witches’ broom in cocoa

  14. Population of Radopholus similis and Meloydogine sp. in 100 g/roots of plantain from four planting systems. Pichilingue, Ecuador, 2007.

  15. Impact on Farmers • Increase yield and decrease disease • Decrease pesticide use and exposure • Increase income to improve quality of life

  16. Impacts on Environment • Useful in a sustainable agroforestry system • Reduce pesticide useage • Cleaner water • Flora and fauna • Soil Retention

  17. Cs-137 Analysis

  18. Annual crop soils are more degraded

  19. Natural Forests have the highest organic matter content

  20. Aluminum toxicity: most severe in Alto Guanujo pine higher than eucalyptus

  21. Aluminum toxicity: most severe in Alto Guanujo pine higher than eucalyptus

  22. Acknowledgements PSU Plant Path Paul Backman Anissa Demers JP Marelli Rachel Melnick PSU Hort. Jonathan Lynch Mark Guiltinan Sharon Pishak SielaMaximova Ann Young Raul Jaramillo Amelia Henry • USAID • SANREM CRSP • IPM CRSP • ACRI • USDA-ARS SPCL • USDA-ARS International Programs • PSU CAS Tag- Along Program • PSU Plant Path. Travel Award • USDA-ARS • Bryan Bailey • Eric Rosenquist • Mary Strem • INIAP • Carmen Suárez • Danilo Vera

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