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Energy & Its Impact on Global Society

Energy & Its Impact on Global Society. Jerome K. Williams, Ph.D. Saint Leo University Dept. Mathematics & Sciences. Chapter 6: Solar Energy. Active vs. Passive Solar Heating Solar Systems: Cost-Benefit Analysis Energy Conservation (DHW) Passive & Active Solar Space Heating

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Energy & Its Impact on Global Society

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  1. Energy & Its Impact on Global Society Jerome K. Williams, Ph.D. Saint Leo University Dept. Mathematics & Sciences

  2. Chapter 6: Solar Energy • Active vs. Passive Solar Heating • Solar Systems: Cost-Benefit Analysis • Energy Conservation (DHW) • Passive & Active Solar Space Heating • Thermal Energy Storage Materials

  3. Active vs. Passive Solar Heating • Core components of System • Collection Device • Storage Facility • Distribution System

  4. Active vs. Passive Solar Heating

  5. Active vs. Passive Solar Heating • Active solar heating system uses pump or fan to circulate fluid (water or air) that Sun heats • Passive solar heating system does not use external power but allows fluid (water or air) that Sun heats to circulate by natural means

  6. Active vs. Passive Solar Heating • Active solar heating system: heat swimming pools & hot water heaters • Passive solar heating system: space heating home. • System can save up to 50% heating costs for 1-5% increase in construction costs: drawback is you must incorporate system when house is built

  7. Solar Systems: Cost-Benefit Analysis • Three Types of Solar Domestic Hot Water (DHW) Systems • Flat-plate collector (FPC) • Batch Water Heaters (Bread box) • Passive (Thermosiphoning)

  8. Solar Systems: Cost-Benefit Analysis • Flat Plate Collector (FPC) Systems • Most common system for DHW & pools • Expensive system ($3000 - $5000) • Payback (Break Even Point) 15-30 years • Time interval dependent upon variables (rebates, tax credits, net metering, etc.)

  9. Solar Systems: Cost-Benefit Analysis

  10. Solar Systems: Cost-Benefit Analysis • Batch Water Heater (Figure 6.25) • Commonly called bread box heater • Inexpensive system ($500 - $1000) • Older technology; been around over a century • Break even point: 5-10 years

  11. Solar Systems: Cost-Benefit Analysis

  12. Solar Water Heater: Do It Yourself • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGQXqZOMTL4

  13. Solar Systems: Cost-Benefit Analysis • Thermosiphon Method • Passive Solar System • Water flows from collector to tank under natural circulation • Storage tank situated above collector • Commonly used in Asia, particularly China

  14. Solar Systems: Cost-Benefit Analysis

  15. Energy Conservation (DHW) • To further reduce water heating bill: • Reduce thermostat temperature to 120 F • Insulate water heater (R-19 fiberglass) • Use reduced flow shower heads and low flow aerators for sinks

  16. Passive & Active Solar Space Heating • Passive solar space heating system: House acts as solar collector and storage facility • Object: let sunlight enter (large windows; south side) and store energy inside structure using material of house itself

  17. Passive & Active Solar Space Heating • Essential elements passive solar system • Excellent insulation • Solar collection (large South-facing windows) • Thermal storage facilities

  18. Passive & Active Solar Space Heating • Passive Systems: Three Categories • Direct Gain • Indirect Gain • Attached solar greenhouse

  19. Passive & Active Solar Space Heating • Direct Gain System • Sunlight enters house (South side; large windows) • Thermal storage material placed inside house to absorb solar radiation (daytime) & radiate it outward at night • Concrete, slate, stone, brick

  20. Direct Gain: Solar Home Heating

  21. Passive & Active Solar Space Heating • Indirect Gain System • Sunlight enters house (South side; large windows) • Thermal storage material placed near window. • Idea: Collect & store absorbed solar energy inside material. Use heat transfer (convection/radiation) to distribute heat • Trombe wall

  22. Indirect Gain: Solar Home Heating

  23. Passive & Active Solar Space Heating • Attached Greenhouse • Sunlight enters greenhouse (South side) • Entire structure acts like “large thermal storage wall” • Serves dual function: food and heat production • Concrete floors & water filled drums common energy storage devices

  24. Attached Solar Greenhouse: Solar Home Heating

  25. Passive & Active Solar Space Heating • Active Solar Space Heating • Been around for long time; not commonly seen in US due to cost issues

  26. Thermal Energy Storage Materials • Recall heat energy absorbed or released is governed by equation • Q = mcΔT • See Table 6.5 for Thermal Energy Storage Data

  27. Problems • 3, 5, 24, 25

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