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Animal & Plant Cell

Animal & Plant Cell. Cell structure and organization. Living organisms are made up of cells. All animal and plant cells have a nucleus Except Red Blood Cells do not have nucleus In animals and plants: Cytoplasm: - 70% water

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Animal & Plant Cell

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  1. Animal & Plant Cell Cell structure and organization

  2. Living organisms are made up of cells • All animal and plant cells have a nucleus Except Red Blood Cells do not have nucleus In animals and plants: • Cytoplasm: - 70% water - dissolved protein and other chemicals that are used for metabolic reactions • Membrane: - controls what goes in and out - partially permeable (lets some substances in and out) - strong / flexiable

  3. Nucleus: - DNA ( 1 long strand of DNA = chromosome) - Chromosomes are easy to see when cells divide • DNA: - determines the characteristics of the organism - controls all activity in the cell

  4. Nuclear pore

  5. Liver cell under light microscope

  6. Liver cell Cell Membrane Vesicles Ribosome Mitochondria Ribosome Nucleus Nucleolus Cytoplasm Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Lysosome Mitochondria Golgi Apparatus

  7. Function of organelles • Nucleus – controls / directs cell activity • Nucleolus – condensed DNA • Mitochondria – site of cellular respiration / formation of ATP • Ribosome – site of protein synthesis (free = for internal) • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum – site of protein synthesis (exported out of cell) *w/ ribosome • Lysosome – membrane bound organelles that contain enzymes • Golgi Apparatus – site of synthesis of chemicals required for the cell that are packaged and bud off in vesicles

  8. Plant Cell Lamella

  9. Plant cell under light microscope

  10. Cell Wall Nucleus Cell Membrane Vacuole Lamella Chloroplast Mitochondria

  11. Organelle functions • *Cell Wall(not an organelle): - Rigid wall surrounding the plasma membrane. -Protecting the cell to regulating the life cycle of the plant organism. -Made of cellulose (a polysaccharide) / arranged in bundles called microfibrls. - Helps prevent the cell membrane from bursting by maintaining high internal pressure due to water uptake. • Chloroplast – Specialized organelle that carries out photosynthesis due to a pigment called chlorophyll (gives cells a green color) • Plasmodesmata - Small tubes that connect plant cells to each other, providing living bridges between cells. • Plasma Membrane- Regulate the passage of molecules in and out of the cells. • Lamella – Junction between cells • Vacuole – large fluid filled space that provide structural support, as well as serving functions such as storage, waste disposal, protection, and growth. • Cell Sap: liquid inside the vacuole

  12. Organ system in plants – the leaf

  13. Structure / Function

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