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The Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation was a monumental religious movement in the 16th century that aimed to reform the Catholic Church, leading to the establishment of Protestantism. Key figures like Martin Luther and John Calvin challenged church corruption and doctrines, advocating for salvation through faith alone and predestination. Influenced by the sociopolitical changes following the 100 Years’ War and the Black Death, this movement was characterized by Luther's 95 Theses and widespread support for church reform. Ultimately, it resulted in a profound split in Christianity and the rise of various Protestant denominations.

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The Protestant Reformation

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  1. The Protestant Reformation

  2. Causes of the Reformation • 100 Years War, Black Death (Soc/Cul/Pol Change) • Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church • The Corruption within the Catholic Church

  3. What was the Protestant Reformation? • Prior to the Reformation all West European Christians were Catholic • The REFORMation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church • People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church

  4. What was the Protestant Reformation? • In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions • The Reformation caused a new split in Christianitywith the formation of these Protestant religions

  5. What was the Protestant Reformation? CHRISTIANITY PROTESTANT CATHOLIC

  6. The Reformers • Martin Luther • John Calvin • Henry VIII

  7. Martin Luther • Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany • Father encouraged him to study law • A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

  8. Martin Luther • He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven • He turned to the Bible and confession for comfort • In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

  9. ROMANS 1:17 “For therein is the righteousness of God revealed from faith to faith: as it is written, The just shall live by faith.” Luther realized that only faith (in Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc, would save a person if they did not believe.

  10. Luther's 95 Theses • A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints) • He criticized: • The Power of the Pope • The Extreme Wealth of the Church • Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

  11. Indulgence certificate signed by Johannes Tietzel. The German text reads, "In the authority of all the saints, and in compassion towards you, I absolve you from all sins and misdeeds, and remit all punishment for ten days."

  12. Luther's 95 Theses • Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs • Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany • Gained support from people and criticism from Church

  13. The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible. • This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.

  14. Luther on Trial • The Diet of Worms • 1520 Pope Leo X order Luther to give up his beliefs • Luther burned the order and was excommunicated • Luther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further

  15. Pope Leo X (Medici) • He was the Pope during the height of the corruption

  16. Luther prepares to burn Pope's orders

  17. Luther's Dying Words “I am fed up with the world, and it with me. I am like a ripe stool, and the world is like a gigantic anus, and so we’re about to let go of each other.” -Luther

  18. Acceptance of Reforms • Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas • Lutheranism was formed • Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms • The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants

  19. John Calvin “May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.” - Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with

  20. John Calvin • Anti-Catholic • Influenced by Martin Luther • Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.” • Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland

  21. Predestination • Calvin believed in: • Salvation through Predestination • At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell

  22. Calvin believed in: • Foreknowledge of “The Elect” • God knows everything that will happen in your life • Purified approach to life: • No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

  23. CALVINISM • Started in Switzerland – Calvinists • England = Puritans • Scotland = Presbyterians • Holland = Dutch Reform • France = Huguenots • Germany = Reform Church

  24. Christianity Protestant Catholic Lutheran Calvinism Presbyterian Puritan Hugeunots

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