1. The Protestant Reformation Chapter 1 Section 3 Objectives: Summarize the factors that encouraged the Protestant Reformation Analyze Martin Luther’s role in shaping the Protestant Reformation Explain the teachings and impact of John Calvin

2. I. The Protestant Reformation • European Uncertainty • Printing Press • Humanist ideals were easily spread • Classical Education • Emphasis on social reform • Church Abuses • Caught up in worldly affairs • Renaissance Popes • Between 1450 and 1520 • Pope Nicholas V • Pope Pius II • Pope Sixtus IV • Pope Julius II • Pope Alexander VI • Pope Leo X • Led lavish lifestyles • Supported the arts • Increased fees • Indulgences • Lessening the time spent in Purgatory • People would by them

3. Martin Luther • German Monk • Disliked the corruption of the church • The 95 Thesis • 95 criticism of the church corruption • Nailed to the doors of a church in Wittenberg • Copies flew around Europe • Charles V • Holey Roman Emperor • Issues the Edict of Worms • Making Luther an outlaw • Illegal to support him • The people completely supported him

4. Luther’s Teachings • Pushed literacy • Banned indulgences • Simplified rituals • Permitted marriage by priests • Luther’s Ideas Spread • Followers are called Protestants • A number of followers will be German princes

5. Peasant’s Revolt • Many took up Luther’s cause • They demanded social change • Luther believed in social order • As the revolt becomes violent, Luther denounces it • The Peace of Augsburg • Issued by Charles V • Realized that fighting Lutheranism was a losing battle • Each prince can decide which religion was allowed • Catholics remained in the Southern part of the HRE • Protestants to the North

6. Swiss Reform • Ulrich Zwingli • Introduced religious reform to the Swiss • War breaks out in Switzerland in 1531 • Zwingli is found by his enemies, cut up and burned • John Calvin • Published Institutes of the Christian Religion • Book on protestant thought • Predestination • God already determined salvation • Saints and Sinners • All tried to live like saints • Only the saved could live truly Christian lives • He sets up a Theocracy • Government run by church leaders • Calvinists believed that: • They were chosen by God • Hard work • Discipline • Honesty • Morality