The Protestant Reformation

1. The Protestant Reformation

2. Causes of the Reformation • 100 Years War and Black Death • Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church • The Corruption within the Catholic Church

3. Medieval Church • Church Authority • The Catholic Church , was the only Church in Western Europe. • The Bible was only to be read by Priests or Bishops. • Church services were only in the Latin Language.

4. What was the Protestant Reformation? • Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic • The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church • People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church

5. What was the Protestant Reformation? • In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions • The Reformation caused a split in Christianitywith the formation of these new Protestant religions

6. What was the Protestant Reformation? CHRISTIANITY PROTESTANT CATHOLIC

7. The Reformers • Martin Luther • John Calvin • Henry VIII

8. Martin Luther • Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany • Father encouraged him to study law • A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

9. Martin Luther • He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven • He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort • In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

10. ROMANS 1:17 “The righteous shall by his faith.” Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

11. Luther's 95 Theses • A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints) • He criticized: • The Power of the Pope • The Extreme Wealth of the Church • Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

12. Luther's 95 Theses • Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs • Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany • Gained support from people and criticism from Church

13. The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible. • This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.

14. Luther on Trial • The Diet of Worms • 1520 Pope Leo X order Luther to give up his beliefs • Luther burned the order and was excommunicated • Luther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further

15. Pope Leo X (Medici) • He was the Pope during the height of the corruption

16. Luther prepares to burn Pope's orders

17. Luther's Dying Words “I am fed up with the world, and it with me. I am like a ripe stool, and the world is like a gigantic anus, and so we’re about to let go of each other.” -Luther

18. Acceptance of Reforms • Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas • Lutheranism was formed • Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms • The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants

19. John Calvin “May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.” - Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with

20. John Calvin • Anti-Catholic • Influenced by Martin Luther • Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.” • Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland

21. Predestination • Calvin believed in: • Salvation through Predestination • At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell

22. Calvin believed in: • Foreknowledge • God knows everything that will happen in your life • Purified approach to life: • No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

23. CALVINISM • Started in Switzerland – Calvinists • England = Puritans • Scotland = Presbyterians • Holland = Dutch Reform • France = Huguenots • Germany = Reform Church

24. Christianity Protestant Catholic Lutheran Calvinism Presbyterian Puritan Hugeunots

25. In England, the Reformation began with the King! • King Henry VIII • The king who had six wives… • He wants a SON! Lines provided in notes to write down story of King Henry VIII.

26. The Reformation Parliament • Was a gathering that led to the decision that England was no longer under the authority of the pope. • Act of Supremacy • Subjects were required to take an oath declaring Henry VIII to be “Supreme Head of the Church of England”

27. Longstanding Effects of Henry VIII • His legitimate children: Mary, Elizabeth, and Edward (dies). • Queen Mary I or “Bloody Mary” • Raised Catholic like her mother Catherine of Aragon; she reestablished the Catholic Church in England. She killed many protestants and had approximately 300 heretics burned at the stake. • Queen Elizabeth I (Ends the House of Tudor) • Raised Protestant and ruled England for 44 years. Ruled during the Spanish Armada, and never married…known as the Virgin Queen.

28. The Counter Reformation

29. Reforming the Catholic Church • Counter-Reformation • The Catholic Church’s series of reforms I response to the spread of Protestantism in the mid-1500’s to the early 1600’s.

30. Religious Orders • Jesuits • “Society of Jesus” • Renewed church’s emphasis of spirituality and service. • Founded by Ignatius of Loyola • Basque Nobleman and former soldier. • Concentrated on education as a means of combating the Protestant Reformation.

31. The Council of Trent • 1545, Church members decided to redefine some religious doctrines of the Catholic Church. • Clarified Catholic teaching • Addressed Abuses • Addressed Corruption • Training of Priests regulated • Addressed Financial Abuse • Sale of Indulgences was abolished

32. The Council of Trent Cont…. • Council reaffirmed: • Transubstantiation • Sacraments • Baptism • Confirmation • Marriage • Eucharist • Penance (Confession) • Anointing Sick • Basic structure of Church reaffirmed!

33. The Protestant Reformation’s Long Term Effects

34. Changes in Religion • Jesuits bring many back to the Catholic Church, and renew the doctrines of the Catholic Church. • New denominations form because reformers interpret the Bible differently!

35. Expulsion of Jews and Muslims • Spain gives these groups of people three options. • (1) CONVERT to Christianity • (2) GET OUT of Spain • (3) DIE • Jews segregated to ghetto • Ghettos- were walled sections of the city and their gates closed at a certain time each evening.

36. Censorship in the Church • The Index Librorum Prohibitorum • The Forbidden Books were a list of books that people should not read. • You could lose your soul by reading these books. • Contained Reformer’s writing and some secular works.

37. Witchcraft • Hysteria of Witchcraft swept through Europe during 1580 to 1660. • Witches would: • Kill Children • Kill Livestock • Work with the Devil.

38. Political Effects • States and businesses want church to become less involved with political affairs. • Political power was now separate from the church!