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The Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation. HWH Unit 1 CHAPTER 1.3. The Catholic Church. THE ONLY Christian church in Western and Central Europe SEE DOCTRINE: Practice vs. Doctrine. Corruption in the Catholic Church. Church “abuses” Simony Pluralism Absenteeism “Worldly” Popes. The Borgia Family.

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The Protestant Reformation

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  1. The Protestant Reformation HWH Unit 1 CHAPTER 1.3

  2. The Catholic Church • THE ONLY Christian church in Western and Central Europe • SEE DOCTRINE: • Practice vs. Doctrine

  3. Corruption in the Catholic Church • Church “abuses” • Simony • Pluralism • Absenteeism • “Worldly” Popes

  4. The Borgia Family Alexander VI (r.1492-1503)

  5. The “Warrior Pope” Patron of the Arts Sistine Chapel Pope Julius II (r.1503-1513) Portrait of Julius II by Raphael (1512), The National Gallery, London

  6. Giovanni de’ Medici a.k.a. Pope Leo X (r.1513-1521) “God has given us the papacy—now let us enjoy it.”-Leo X “He has eaten up three pontificates: the treasury of Julius II, the revenues of his own pontificate, and those of his successor.” -A contemporary of Leo X Portrait of Leo X by Raphael (1518), The Uffizi Gallery, Florence

  7. Indulgences

  8. Tetzel

  9. Martin Luther (1483-1546)

  10. The Ninety-Five Theses

  11. Election of Charles V, 1519

  12. Excommunication (June, 1520)(Papal Bull ExsurgeDomine)

  13. Luther’s Doctrine • Sacraments: Only those in scripture • Eucharist: Consubstantiation • Authority: Scirpture • Salvation: Faith Alone • Sola fide, sola scriptura • The priesthood of all believers

  14. Ephesians 2:8-9 For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this not from yourselves, it is the gift of god—not by works, so that no one can boast. Romans 1:17 For in it is revealed the righteousness of God from faith to faith; as it is written, "The one who is righteous by faith will live."

  15. The Diet of Worms (1521)Luther vs. Charles V

  16. “Unless I am convinced by the evidence of Scripture or by plain reason—for I do not accept the authority of the Pope or councils alone, since it is established that they have often erred and contradicted themselves—I am bound by the Scriptures I have cited and my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and will not recant anything, for it is neither safe nor right to go against conscience. God help me. Amen.” -Luther at the Diet of Worms, 1521

  17. The Peasant Revolt of 1524-25

  18. The Peace of Augsburg, 1555 • Cuius regio, eius religio

  19. Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531)

  20. John Calvin (1509-1564) and Calvinism

  21. Heavily influenced by Zwingli • Geneva, Switzerland

  22. Calvin’s Doctrine • Sacraments: Only those in scripture • Eucharist: Representation • Authority: Scripture and Church Elders • Theocracy • “The City that Was a Church” • Salvation: Predestination • The “elect” • The “Protestant Ethic”

  23. The Spread of Calvinism • John Knox (1505-1572) • Brought Calvinism to Scotland (Presbyterianism) • The French Huguenots • The Dutch (Reform Church) • The English Puritans

  24. Catholic vs. Calvinist Churches

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