Grade 11 Objective 1

1. Grade 11 Objective 1

2. 1 The safest way to dilute concentrated sulfuric acid is to add — A a series of small volumes of water to the acid while stirring B the acid to water slowly while stirring constantly C the acid to a small volume of water and then add more water D dilute sulfuric acid to a small volume of the concentrated acid

3. 2 A science class is conducting an experiment that produces noxious fumes. Because of inadequate ventilation, some students begin to feel nauseated and dizzy. The first response should be to — A neutralize the acid that is reacting to produce the noxious fumes B carry the reactants outside, away from other students C leave the room and go to an area with fresh air D spray the reaction with a fire extinguisher

4. 3 All of these procedures must be followed when using the setup shown above except — A putting on safety goggles B handling the beaker with tongs C securing loose clothing D wearing rubber gloves

5. 4 Reactions that produce toxic gases should be performed in a — A laboratory fume hood B beaker with a watch glass on top C well-ventilated area of the lab D warm, airtight drying oven

6. 5 Classification symbols for certain fire extinguishers are shown below. Which class of fire extinguisher should be used when a hot plate overheats and catches on fire? F H G J

7. 6 The label shown above contains information about some harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of students is working at the same lab table. Which of the following lab procedures should the second group of students avoid?A Heating water with an open flameB Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beakerC Filtering precipitates from a liquid solutionD Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube

8. 7 The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a dissection lab. Working in groups of three, students make observations using a hand lens, forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students in a group have finished their observations. These two students may do all of the following except — A remove their goggles B review their notes C wash their hands D assist their lab partner

9. 8 This picture indicates that the chemical represented is — F pressurized G corrosive H flammable J toxic

10. 9 When performing this activity, students must remember to — A label the equipment used B keep hands away from face and mouth C sterilize the dissecting needle before use D disinfect the fur and feathers removed from the pellet

11. 10 Science can be divided into three broad groups: life science, physical science, and Earth science. Which of these topics would most likely involve a knowledge of concepts from all three branches of science? A Patterns of earthquakes B Aging of stars C Weathering of rocks D Structure of water molecules

12. 11 Which of these tables best represents an experimental design used to test whether cortisone relieves inflammation? A C B D

13. 12 This experiment probably was set up to determine — A how much mechanical energy the battery produces B the pH of water during electrolysis C the pressure created by an electric current D how much energy is converted to heat

14. 13 The table shows times required for water to evaporate from identical containers. Which of these is the best question to ask before developing a reasonable hypothesis to explain the data? F Why does a lower temperature slow the rate of evaporation? G What is the boiling point of the water after both samples are heated? H Why does water exist as a solid at −15°C and as a liquid at 25°C? J How does the rate of evaporation change when a different container is used?

15. 14 Which question is valid in testing this hypothesis? F Do most other scientists agree with the hypothesis? G Could abiotic processes account for the carbon dioxide? H What is the percent of argon compared to carbon dioxide in the Martian atmosphere? J Have the scientist’s other predictions about Mars been validated?

16. 15 Two science students discovered that the mass of a sample of acetone in an open beaker decreased within a few minutes. One student hypothesized that the acetone reacted with oxygen to form a gaseous compound that escaped. The other student believed that the acetone evaporated into the air. What should the students do to test these hypotheses? F Combine the hypotheses so they give valid predictions of the acetone’s behavior G Conduct a study of original papers describing the experiments leading to acetone’s discovery H Perform an experiment that attempts to identify the gas above the open beaker J Ask a classmate’s opinion about the chemical and physical properties of acetone

17. 16 Which of the following was probably the hypothesis for this experiment? F The growth of bread mold increases as temperature increases. G The type of nutrient causes bread mold to grow faster at higher temperatures. H The size of the plates determines the temperature of bread mold. J The temperature of bread mold is determined by the mold’s growth.

18. 17 Which procedure is best to use when determining the density of a rock? F Place the rock in a water-filled beaker and find the height at which the rock floats above the water. G Use a ruler to measure the rock’s dimensions and then find its mass using an analytical balance. H Measure the mass of the rock on a balance and then find the volume of water it displaces in a graduated cylinder. J Place the rock in three liquids with different known densities and observe which liquid the rock floats in.

19. 18 Which question could be formed based on these data? F What types of plants have increased productivity in different habitats? G Is there a relationship between productivity and bird diversity in a habitat? H How does the number of birds in a population affect habitats? J Do habitats display changes in productivity and bird diversity during different seasons?

20. 19 The diagram shows different setups of an experiment to determine how sharks find their prey. Which experimental setup is the control? F H G J

21. 20 A catapult was designed to project a small metal ball at a target. The resulting data are shown in the table. Which of these might explain the difference between the calculated and actual distances? A The ball landed short of the calculated distance because of an increase in momentum. B Air resistance caused the ball to land short of the calculated distance. C Initial mass of the ball changed with each trial. D The metal ball was too small for accurate measurements to be made.

22. 21 Which is the best question to ask before developing a reasonable hypothesis for the phenomenon shown above? F Why does water crystallize into a solid below 0°C instead of remaining a liquid? G How will the freezing time from 20°C to –15°C change if each container is covered? H Why does boiling the water cause it to freeze more quickly when cooled from 20°C to –15°C? J What is the precise boiling point of the water in Sample A after it has been heated?

23. 22 The diagram shows an experimental setup. Which of these questions was this experiment designed to answer? A Does water boil when exposed to air? B Will fire turn a gas into a liquid? C Does air expand when heated? D Will heat turn a gas into a solid?

24. 23 A ruler placed between one student’s fingers and thumb is released without warning. A second student catches the ruler. The distance the ruler falls is recorded. This experiment is most likely designed to determine the — F effects of stress on the first student’s heart rate G acceleration of the ruler during its fall H second student’s reaction time to a stimulus J force applied on a falling mass

25. 24 Which set of equipment would be best to use to test the effect of temperature on solution acidity? F A balance and a thermometer G A pH meter and a barometer H A balance and litmus paper J A thermometer and a pH meter

26. 25 Which of these could be used to determine whether a substance is a base?A ThermometerB Litmus paperC BalanceD Bunsen burner

27. 26 A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly developed medication can reduce high blood pressure. Which of these would most likely be the dependent variable in a study involving this medication?A The number of participants in the studyB The ages of people treated for high blood pressure with other medicationsC The blood pressure of the participants in the studyD The number of people treated for high blood pressure with other medications

28. 27 The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil found on an island formed from limestone. Which study would most likely be used to investigate this hypothesis?A Tracking dust clouds with satellite photosB Determining the effects of iron on limestoneC Calculating erosion rates in African limestone minesD Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds

29. 28 The picture above shows a compound microscope. What part of the microscope should be used to adjust the amount of light illuminating a prepared slide?A EyepieceB Rotating nosepieceC DiaphragmD Coarse-focus knob

30. Experimental Results 29 According to these data, which question was most likely answered by this activity? A How warm do materials get when placed in an electric circuit? B Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal? C Which material requires the greatest voltage in an electric circuit? D Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals from other materials?

31. 30 Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a lightbulb is changed into visible light. Which instrument helps identify the energy change occurring to most of the remaining 90%? F Triple-beam balance G Thermometer H Magnifying glass J Prism

32. Materials: 125 mL cooking oil 100 mL H2O 10 g NaOH Safety goggles Apron 500 mL beaker Stirring rod Procedure: • Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking oil and mix thoroughly. • Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring constantly. • Stir until a thick paste forms. • Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days. • Remove the solid bar from the mold. Caution: Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because traces of NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap for washing floors and tools only. 31 Which two pieces of equipment should be added to the materials list for this activity?F Graduated cylinder and metric rulerG Metric ruler and stopwatchH Magnifying glass and balanceJ Graduated cylinder and balance

33. 32 A valid study would include a control group containing — A bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, and water B water and 2% root hormone C water only D bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and 1% root hormone

34. 33 A student is working with four beakers that each contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures would be best to use to determine whether one of the beakers contains only distilled water? A C B D Observe odor Determine temperature Observe color Determine boiling point Observe volume Determine mass Observe color Determine pH Determine mass Observe volume Determine temperature Observe odor Observe odor Determine pH Determine density Determine boiling point

35. Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations Initial Setup 34 Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10 days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this experimental setup? F Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease? G What happens to salt as elodea uses water? H Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water? J Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?

36. 35 The picture shows an experiment designed to investigate biochemical activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment? A B C D

37. A De-Icing Experiment 36 Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the experiment described above? A Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more water than vegetation in other areas. B De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space for vegetation. C Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of de-icing solution. D De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that grow near roadways. Some species of plants that commonly grow near roadways are used in an experiment. The plant species are divided into control groups and experimental groups. All groups are grown under identical conditions except that the experimental groups are given daily applications of a de-icing solution that is used on roadways in winter. At the end of one month, the growth of the control and experimental groups is compared.

38. 37 Which of these tools is most useful in identifying the wavelengths of visible light? F Convex lens G Spectroscope H Microscope J Concave mirror

39. 38 In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm onto five different materials. The rebound height of each drop is shown in the graph. Which of the following describes the hypothesis most likely being tested? A The mass of the ball affects the rebound height. B The material the ball is made of affects the rebound height. C The height the ball is dropped from affects the rebound height. D The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the rebound height.

40. 39 The diagram shows a classroom setup for an experiment. This experiment was probably designed to determine wood lice — F social behaviors G activity patterns H speed J habitat preferences

41. 40 These data were gathered by four groups of students. Each group performed four trials to determine the acceleration rate of a toy car. Which group had the most consistent data? F Group Q G Group R H Group S J Group T

42. 41 The picture shows the position of a ball every 0.25 second on a photogram. Using a ruler, determine the velocity of the ball. F 3.5 cm/s G 10.5 cm/s H 14.0 cm/s J 28.0 cm/s

43. 42 Four lab groups measured the volume of acid required to neutralize a standard solution of sodium hydroxide base. Which of the groups measured the volume with the highest precision? A C B D

44. 43 The table shows four mass readings of one object as measured by four different balances. Which balance produced the most- consistent measurements? A Q B R C S D T

45. 44 The illustration shows volume levels of a liquid in a graduated cylinder before and after a sample was removed. According to this information, what was the volume of the sample to the nearest milliliter? Record and bubble in your answer on the answer document.

46. 45 Which of these will give the most precise measure of a 10-milliliter volume? F H G J

47. 46 What is the volume reading for the solution in the pipette? A 19.4 mL B 19.6 mL C 20.4 mL D 20.6 mL

48. 47 Which of these probably served as the most useful data after Pasteur injected a group of chickens with bacteria from the older culture?A The health and behavior of the injected chickensB The total number of cholera cases observedC The changes in the shape and color of the bacterial coloniesD The recovery rate of chickens previously infected with cholera Louis Pasteur’s ExperimentLike many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of immunization happened by accident. In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The chickens usually died from cholera after being injected with the bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur noticed that these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old batch of cholera bacteria. Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They also injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected. Pasteur was surprised that the chickens that had been injected previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the chickens in the second group became sick and died. This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases. Today immunizations help protect people from many illnesses.

49. 48 Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three layers. Which conclusion is best supported by the information above?A The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of Liquid 3.B The volume of Liquid 1 is less than the volume of Liquid 3.C The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of Liquid 2.D The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the buoyancy of Liquid 1.

50. 49 The pictures above show two organisms. Measure their body lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter. What is the difference between the body lengths of the grasshopper and cricket? Record and bubble in your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer document.