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Variables

In scientific experiments, it is crucial to alter only one variable at a time to establish a clear cause-and-effect relationship. The test variable (independent variable) is manipulated, such as watering frequency in a plant growth study, while the outcome variable (dependent variable) is observed, like the height of plants. Including a control group receiving no treatment allows for comparison, ensuring the results are due to the changes made. Additionally, constants must be maintained across all groups to ensure reliability and validity of results, providing a clearer understanding of the relationship between variables.

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Variables

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  1. Variables EQ: Why is it important to alter only one variable in an experiment?

  2. Test Variable • a.k.a. independent variable or manipulated variable • Factor which is changed in an experiment • Ex. In an experiment to determine the amount of water a plant needs to grow tallest, one might water one plant daily, one weekly, and one monthly. The test variable is how often the plant is watered. • P.S. Graphed on the x axis

  3. Outcome Variable • a.k.a. dependent variable or responding variable • Factor which is observed or measured; the data your are collecting • Ex. In the previous experiment, the outcome variable would be how tall each plant has grown. • P.S. Graphed on the y axis

  4. Control Group • Experiments are run with an experimental group and a control group. • The experimental group receives treatment. • The control group receives no treatment. They give you something to compare your results to. • In our example, the control group would receive no water while the experimental group(s) would receive water (the test variable).

  5. Constants • Factors that are held the same in an experiment. • Ensure that only one factor is changed in an experiment (the test variable). • Everything else is identical, the constants. • Ex. In the previous experiment, we would use identical plants, pots, soil, amount of sunlight, and amount of water.

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