Bell Work

1. Bell Work • Compare and contrast groups, families, and periods?

2. Physical Science – Lecture 59 Periodic Table Specific Metals

3. Classifying Elements • Elements are classified according to their properties. The major categories of elements are the metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

4. METALS • Almost 75% of all elements are classified as metals.

5. They are not all like silver (Ag), gold (Au), or platinum (Pt). • Those are the very cool and shiny ones. There are other metals like potassium (K) and iridium (Ir) that you might not think about right away.

6. Which ones are metals? • There are four traits to help identify if an element is a metal or not.

7. Trait 1 - Conduction • Metals are good at conducting electricity.

8. Trait 2 - Reactivity • Metals are very reactive, some more than others, but most form compounds with other elements quite easily.

9. Trait 3 - Cations • Metals usually make positive ions when the compounds are dissolved in solution.

10. Trait 4 - Alloys • Metals are easily combined. • Mixtures of many elements are called alloys.

12. Metals - Location • Metals are located on the left side and the middle of the periodic table. • Group 1A and Group 2A are the most active metals. • The transition elements, groups 1B to 8B, are also considered metals.

13. Properties • Metals are shiny solids are room temperature (except mercury), with characteristic high melting points and densities.

14. Properties • Metals can be deformed without breaking. • Malleability is the ability of a metal to be hammered into shapes. • Ductility is the ability of a metal to be drawn into wire.

15. Properties • Because the valence electrons can move freely, metals are good heat conductors and electrical conductors.

16. Transition Metals • Transition metals can put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell.

17. Bonding • Transition metals can use the two outermost shells/orbitals to bond with other elements. • This allows them to bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.

18. Properties of Transition Metals • These elements are very hard, with high melting points and boiling points.

20. ALKALI METALS • The far left column is Group One (Group I).

21. Who's not in the family? • Hydrogen is a very special element of the periodic table and doesn't belong to any family.

22. Alkali Metal Common Properties • Lower densities than other metals • One loosely bound valence electron • Largest atomic radii in their periods • Low ionization energies • Low electronegativities • Highly reactive • From +1 Cations

24. Alkaline Earth Metals • Group 2.

25. Alkali Earth’s Common Properties • Two electrons in the outer shell • Low electron affinities • Low electronegativities • Readily form divalent cations. • Smaller than alkali metals.

27. Rare-Earth Elements • The two rows at the bottom of the table • Also called inner-transition elements.

28. Lanthanide Series • The top row of rare-earth elements

29. Lanthanide’s Common Traits • Silvery metals that tarnish easily. • Relatively soft metals • High melting and boiling points. • React to form many different compounds. • Used in lamps, magnets, lasers, and to improve the properties of other metals • Can be found naturally on Earth. • Only one element is radioactive.

31. The Actinide Series • The bottom row of rare-earth elements

32. Actinide’s Common Traits • All radioactive • Some are not found in nature. • Some have only been made in labs. • Used in medicine and nuclear devices