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Fig. 6-7

Fig. 6-7. AP Biology – Tour of the Cell Diagrams . (a). TEM of a plasma membrane. Outside of cell. Inside of cell. 0.1 µm. Carbohydrate side chain. Hydrophilic region. Hydrophobic region. Hydrophilic region. Phospholipid. Proteins. (b) Structure of the plasma membrane.

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Fig. 6-7

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  1. Fig. 6-7 AP Biology – Tour of the Cell Diagrams (a) TEM of a plasma membrane Outside of cell Inside of cell 0.1 µm Carbohydrate side chain Hydrophilic region Hydrophobic region Hydrophilic region Phospholipid Proteins (b) Structure of the plasma membrane

  2. Fig. 6-8 Surface area increases while total volume remains constant 5 1 1 Total surface area [Sum of the surface areas (height  width) of all boxes sides  number of boxes] 150 750 6 Total volume [height  width  length  number of boxes] 1 125 125 Surface-to-volume (S-to-V) ratio [surface area ÷ volume] 6 1.2 6

  3. Fig. 6-9a Nuclear envelope ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) NUCLEUS Nucleolus Rough ER Smooth ER Flagellum Chromatin Centrosome Plasma membrane CYTOSKELETON: Microfilaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules Ribosomes Microvilli Golgi apparatus Peroxisome Mitochondrion Lysosome

  4. Fig. 6-9b Rough endoplasmic reticulum Nuclear envelope Nucleolus NUCLEUS Chromatin Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Central vacuole Golgi apparatus Microfilaments Intermediate filaments CYTO- SKELETON Microtubules Mitochondrion Peroxisome Chloroplast Plasma membrane Cell wall Plasmodesmata Wall of adjacent cell

  5. Fig. 6-10 Nucleus 1 µm Nucleolus Chromatin Nuclear envelope: Inner membrane Outer membrane Nuclear pore Pore complex Rough ER Surface of nuclear envelope Ribosome 1 µm 0.25 µm Close-up of nuclear envelope Pore complexes (TEM) Nuclear lamina (TEM)

  6. Fig. 6-11 Cytosol Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Free ribosomes Bound ribosomes Large subunit Small subunit 0.5 µm Diagram of a ribosome TEM showing ER and ribosomes

  7. Fig. 6-12 Smooth ER Nuclear envelope Rough ER ER lumen Cisternae Transitional ER Ribosomes Transport vesicle 200 nm Rough ER Smooth ER

  8. Fig. 6-13 cis face (“receiving” side of Golgi apparatus) 0.1 µm Cisternae trans face (“shipping” side of Golgi apparatus) TEM of Golgi apparatus

  9. Fig. 6-14 1 µm Nucleus Vesicle containing two damaged organelles 1 µm Mitochondrion fragment Peroxisome fragment Lysosome Digestive enzymes Lysosome Lysosome Plasma membrane Peroxisome Digestion Food vacuole Digestion Mitochondrion Vesicle (a) Phagocytosis (b) Autophagy

  10. Fig. 6-17 Intermembrane space Outer membrane Free ribosomes in the mitochondrial matrix Inner membrane Cristae Matrix 0.1 µm

  11. Fig. 6-18 Ribosomes Stroma Inner and outer membranes Granum 1 µm Thylakoid

  12. Fig. 6-21 Vesicle ATP Receptor for motor protein Motor protein (ATP powered) Microtubule of cytoskeleton (a) Microtubule Vesicles 0.25 µm (b)

  13. Table 6-1 10 µm 10 µm 10 µm Column of tubulin dimers Keratin proteins Actin subunit Fibrous subunit (keratins coiled together) 25 nm 8–12 nm 7 nm Tubulin dimer  

  14. Fig. 6-22 Centrosome Microtubule Centrioles 0.25 µm Microtubules Longitudinal section of one centriole Cross section of the other centriole

  15. Fig. 6-24 Outer microtubule doublet Plasma membrane 0.1 µm Dynein proteins Central microtubule Radial spoke Protein cross-linking outer doublets Microtubules (b) Cross section of cilium Plasma membrane Basal body 0.5 µm 0.1 µm (a) Longitudinal section of cilium Triplet (c) Cross section of basal body

  16. Fig. 6-25 Microtubule doublets ATP Dynein protein (a) Effect of unrestrained dynein movement ATP Cross-linking proteins inside outer doublets Anchorage in cell (b) Effect of cross-linking proteins 1 3 2 (c) Wavelike motion

  17. Fig, 6-27a Muscle cell Actin filament Myosin filament Myosin arm (a) Myosin motors in muscle cell contraction

  18. Fig. 6-28 Secondary cell wall Primary cell wall Middle lamella 1 µm Central vacuole Cytosol Plasma membrane Plant cell walls Plasmodesmata

  19. Fig. 6-30 Polysaccharide molecule Proteoglycan complex Collagen EXTRACELLULAR FLUID Carbo- hydrates Fibronectin Core protein Integrins Proteoglycan molecule Plasma membrane Proteoglycan complex CYTOPLASM Micro- filaments

  20. Fig. 6-32 Tight junction Tight junctions prevent fluid from moving across a layer of cells 0.5 µm Tight junction Intermediate filaments Desmosome Desmosome Gap junctions 1 µm Extracellular matrix Space between cells Gap junction Plasma membranes of adjacent cells 0.1 µm

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