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Aurora

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  1. Aurora P. A. Delamere Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics Images by John Russell

  2. John Russell

  3. John Russell

  4. John Russell

  5. John Russell

  6. John Russell

  7. John Russell

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  11. John Russell

  12. John Russell

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  14. John Russell

  15. Dynamics Explorer 1 satellite

  16. Noon Dawn Dusk Midnight

  17. Solar Storms, Coronal Mass Ejection

  18. Solar Wind vsw ~ 400 km/s

  19. Electron energy 1-10 keV; ~0.1 c • Acceleration process?

  20. Charged particle motion in Earth’s magnetosphere • The combined effects of the Earth’s magnetic field will result in three • characteristic types of motion. Gyro: ~ millisecond Bounce: ~ 0.1-1.0 s Drift: ~ 1-10 minutes

  21. The magnetopause controls the transport of • mass • momentum • energy • magnetic flux • into the magnetosphere

  22. Magnetic Reconnection

  23. Open vs. closed configurations of the magnetosphere Magnetic reconnection Closed Open

  24. Reconnection Geometry 3D!

  25. Ionospheric convection: Open Magnetosphere Ruohoniemi and Baker, 1998

  26. “Dungey cycle” Dungey, 1961

  27. Ionospheric convection: Closed Magnetosphere Foerster et al., 1998 Axford and Hines, [1961]

  28. Magnetospheric convection (southward IMF)

  29. Substorms • Storage and release of energy in the magnetosphere • Growth phase (energy accumulated in the magnetotail; southward IMF) • Expansion phase (energy released; auroral activity expands poleward and westward; 30-60 minutes) • Recovery phase (magnetosphere returns to original state; 1 to 2 hours; patchy aurora and quiet arcs)

  30. Theta Aurora (northward IMF) DE 1 satellite

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