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The Rise and Fall of the Byzantine Empire: A Historical Overview

The Byzantine Empire, emerging from the Eastern Roman Empire, flourished after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Constantine moved the capital to Constantinople, establishing a Christian center amidst a Pagan legacy. Positioned at a strategic trading crossroads, the Eastern Empire experienced prosperity. Roman culture survived in the West through Germanic influences, while the Byzantines embraced Greek language and Hellenistic culture. The empire's decline culminated in the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. Its legacy endures in Eastern European civilizations.

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The Rise and Fall of the Byzantine Empire: A Historical Overview

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  1. In the East . . . The Byzantine Empire

  2. Early history • Before the Western Roman Empire “fell,” Constantine had moved the most important functions of the government east, to Constantinople (formerly known as Byzantium) • This would be a Christian capital (because there were so many pagans in Rome)

  3. Early history • The Eastern Empire avoided many problems due to Constantinople’s location as a trading crossroads • The East therefore prospered and, after the Western Empire “fell,” became known as the Byzantine Empire

  4. A Tale of Two Empires • Roman culture did not die out in western Europe because the Germanic tribes that took over were influenced by: 1. the Latin language 2. Roman culture 3. the Roman Catholic Church

  5. A Tale of Two Empires • Roman culture did not die out in western Europe because the Germanic tribes that took over were influenced by: 1. the Latin language 2. Roman culture 3. the Roman Catholic Church • In the Byzantine Empire, the following became dominant: 1. the Greek language 2. Hellenistic culture 3. the Greek (Eastern) Orthodox Church (the first split - or schism - in Christianity – A.D. 1054)

  6. Decline and Fall • The Byzantine Empire grew (see map on page 286) but then started experiencing attacks on all sides • In 1453, the Ottoman Turks finally took Constantinople • Byzantine civilization lives on in the civilizations of the Slavic peoples of Eastern Europe (in today’s Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Serbia, etc.)

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