Early Colonial Exploration and Expansion

1. Early Colonial Exploration and Expansion AFRICA

2. Pre-Colonial Africa

3. Reasons for European Expansion • 1. Curiosity • 2. Search for new trade routes • 3. Desire for natural resources and wealth • 4. Pride

4. Portugal • Why were the Portuguese the first Europeans to travel to Africa? • Prince Henry the Navigator (west coast) • Bartolomeu Dias (Cape of Good Hope) • Vasco Da Gama (India)

5. PORTUGUESE EXPLORATION

6. Exploring Africa • 1. The Gold Coast • 2. Western Africa • 3. East Africa • 4. Mozambique

7. The Early Slave Trade • 1. Islamic Empire controlled the slave trade. • 2. Intra-African Trade • 3. Establishment of Trade Posts (later for slave trade) – 40 along the West Coast • 4. European expansion to the New World leads to increased demands for slaves.

8. Slave Trade • Years Number of Slaves % of overall trade 1450 -1500 81,000 - 1500 – 1600 328,000 2.0 1601 – 1700 1,348,000 12.0 1701 – 1800 6,090,000 54.2 1801 – 1900 3,466,000 30.9 ____________________________________________ Total 11,233,000 100.0

9. Where Did the Slaves Go?

10. The Decline of Portuguese Influence • Few permanent settlements • Racial Assimilation • Annexation by Spain • Political Instability • Colonial Wars (Mozambique and Angola) • International Competition

11. Colonial Africa • The Scramble for Africa (1880 – 1900) • Britain • Italy • France • Germany • Spain • Belgium • Netherlands

12. THE BRITISH COME TO AFRICA • 1553 - British ship brings back gold from Guinea • 1650s – British begin building forts on the West Coast of Africa, including the fort at Cape Coast • 1700s – 1800s – British become heavily involved in the slave trade • 1807 – Britain abolishes the slave trade • 1817 – Britain begins to take control of people living on the coast with the consent of the Ashanti state.

13. THE FRENCH COME TO AFRICA • 1624 – France est. trading posts in Senegal • 1774 – 1815 - Conflict with Britain destroys French colonialism • 1830 – France invades Algeria

14. BERLIN CONFERENCE • 1884 – Portugal requests Otto von Bismark solve the “Africa Problem” • 14 countries invited • Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden-Norway (unified from 1814-1905), Turkey, and the United States of America. • Germany France, G.B. and Portugal are the major players

15. Carving Up Africa • 80% of the continent was self-governed • Africa is carved into 50 countries and superimposed over the 1000 indigenous cultures.

16. Who Got What? • Great Britain – Egypt, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya (British East Africa), South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana (Rhodesia), Nigeria and Ghana (Gold Coast) • France – Mauritania to Chad (French West Africa), and Gabon and the Republic of Congo (French Equatorial Africa) • Belgium – Democratic Republic of the Congo (Belgian Congo) • Portugal – Mozambique, Guinea and Angola • Italy – Somalia (Italian Somaliland) and Eritrea. • Germany – Namibia (German Southwest Africa) and Tanzania (German East Africa) • Spain – Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni)

17. Colonial Africa After WWI

18. Colonial Africa After WWII