Exploration and Expansion

1. Exploration and Expansion Chapter 6, Section 1

2. Motivation • Why begin expanding overseas? • The Asian Attraction • Recorded travels to Asia fascinated Europeans • Trade • Spices of the East meant money for the West • Religion • Introduction to Christian faiths • “God, Glory, and Gold”

3. Means to Travel • What do you need to make these travels? • Money • Hesitant at first, more and more European governments begin to fund voyages • Ships and Technology • Boats and the technology to navigate the ocean • A Crew • People to man the vessel

4. Portuguese Trading Empire • Portugal began exploration in the 1420s under __________ ________________________ • Found gold on western coast of Africa • _________________rounded Southern tip of Africa in 1488 • Quicker route to Asia • _____________ later traveled this route to India • Over the next few decades, Portuguese take complete control of the spice trade • Why are the Portuguese so successful?

5. A Route to India? • Any quicker routes to India? • _________________sailed around the world • Left in 1519 with 250 men and 5 ships • Died in the Philippines in 1521…1 ship and 18 men returned • Spanish begin to look westward for a quicker route to India • But what about the flat Earth? • Most Europeans knew the world was round, but did not know how large it was

6. Christopher Columbus • Believed the circumference of the world was smaller than it actually was • Hence, why he thought he had landed in India • Persuaded _________ ___________and ____ __________to fund a voyage West • In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue • Lands in the Caribbean, but Columbus calls these places the Indies

7. Voyages to the Americas • Continued exploration by Spain and Portugal was fueled by the desire to find a westward route to Asia • As the countries continued to explore, conflict was inevitable

8. A Line of Demarcation • The feud between Spain and Portugal was “solved” through the __________ ____________________ • Spain was given all territories west of the line, while Portugal gained all territories east of the line • Both continued to feud for years, despite the ruling

9. Race to the Americas • _______ (John Cabot), ________ (Amerigo Vespucci), and many other European nations soon began to follow • What about ________ _______________? • Spain and Portugal were growing weaker…could not defend their claimed territories

10. The Spanish Empire • _____________ were Spanish conquerors of the New World • ________________ • Overthrew Aztecs • ________________ • Defeated Incans • ____________system • Spanish use of Native Americans as slaves • Originally meant to care for Natives, but settlers were too far from Europe to be punished for harsh treatment

11. Spanish Empire cont’d • Native populations suffered due to forced labor, starvation, and disease • Hispaniola – 250,000 in 1492, 500 in 1538 • Mexico – 25 million in 1519, 1 million in 1630 • European churches, schools, and hospitals soon ripped apart traditional Native societies

12. Economic Impact • West • Mines • Searched for gold and silver • Farming and ranching, known as the __________ _________________ • Raised European crops like sugar, cotton, vanilla, and livestock • American crops like potatoes, cocoa, corn, and tobacco • East • Portuguese take over spice trade routes in Asia

13. New Arrivals = New Rivals? • ________ were biggest competitors in Asia • Established East India Company • ________and ________ were major competitors in the Americas, _______ tried • _______ – colonized Canada and Louisiana • _________ – East coast of what is now U.S. • _______ – Establish West India Company

14. Colonial Advantage • _________ – settlement of people living in a new territory, linked by trade and direct government control • ________ provided the gold and silver needed for a country to become powerful, according to the theory of _____________ • To bring in gold and silver, the countries needed a good _____________– the difference in value between imports and exports over time