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Age of Discovery: Exploration and Expansion in the 13th Century

Explore the motivations, key figures, and events of the 13th-century Age of Discovery, from Marco Polo's travels to Christopher Columbus' expeditions, highlighting conquests, encounters, and the Columbian Exchange.

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Age of Discovery: Exploration and Expansion in the 13th Century

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  1. Exploration and Expansion

  2. 13th Century • Marco Polo traveled to China

  3. Motives “Gold, glory, and God” • Religious zeal (spreading Christianity) • Adventure • Riches

  4. Portugal • 1420 Prince Henry the Navigator • 1488 Bartholomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope • 1498 Vasco da Gama reached India by sailing around Africa • 1500 Pedro Alvares reached Brazil, claimed it for Portugal

  5. Brazil

  6. Spain • Christopher Columbus believed he could reach Asia (Indies) by sailing west

  7. Treaty of Tordesillas • 1494 Line of Demarcation • North/South separated unexplored lands between Spain and Portugal

  8. 1501 • Amerigo Vespucci

  9. Balboa • Discovered the Pacific Ocean

  10. Magellan • First to circumnavigate the world

  11. (left) Ferdinand Magellan, (right) Discovery of Magellan Strait by an unknown artist

  12. Conquistadors • Spanish soldiers, explorers, and fortune hunters

  13. Cortes • Cortes conquered the Aztecs and their King Montezuma II (1521)

  14. Spanish advantages • Superior weapons • Help of various native groups • disease

  15. Defeat of Inca • Pizarro and about 200 Conquistadors defeated Inca with a force of 30,000 led by Atahualpa

  16. Mestizo • Mixed Spanish and Native American descent

  17. The Columbian Exchange

  18. Exploration and Expansion • 13th Century Marco Polo traveled to China • East (Asia) expensive spices which were needed to preserve and flavor food Motives- Religious zeal (spread Christianity), riches and adventure • “God, glory, and gold” Portugal • 1420 Portugal Prince Henry the navigator • 1488 Bartholomeudias rounded the cape of Good Hope • 1498 Vasco da Gama reached India (spices) by sailing around Africa • 1500 Alvares reached Brazil claimed it for Portugal Spain Christopher Columbus (Italian) believed he could reach Asia by sailing west The islands he explored he called the Indies • Line of Demarcation- (1494) Treaty of Tordesillas ran North- South • separating unexplored lands between Spain and Portugal • John Cabot explored New England coastline for England • Amerigo Vespucci- Traveled coast of South America, He claimed (in letters) this was not Asia but a New World. The land was named after him, America

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