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Memory Development Throughout Life: Psychology Insights

Explore how memory changes across different life stages, from infancy to adulthood, and how developmental psychology plays a role in memory retention and cognitive functions.

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Memory Development Throughout Life: Psychology Insights

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  1. Memory Development Psychology 3717

  2. Introduction • When you think of developmental questions, typically, you think of kids • However, your memory changes throughout life, just as all your other psychological traits do • So we will talk about kids and adults • Development need not always mean improvement….

  3. awwwww • Even at birth you know and remember lots of stuff • Your mother’s and maybe your father’s voice • Babies will stare longer at face like stimuli

  4. Infantile amnesia • Why? • Brain immaturity? • Lack of linguistic development? • Events can be remembered though, especially if they are big ones

  5. Things they can do • Habituation paradigm • Stimulus attributes • Even concepts, abstract ones! • Instrumental approaches • Recognition improves with age • Interference effects • Spacing effect • cues

  6. imitation • Teach older kids, verbal ones, a new task • Building something for example • Test retention • Can go from simple to complex • Regular effects show up!

  7. Memory for Spatial locations • There are a lot of occasions where people that study animal cognition and those that study infant and toddler cognition have a lot in common • Both deal with subjects that have no way to directly tell you what they remember • A good example of this is the work on toddler spatial memory based on Cheng’s work with rats

  8. Cheng (1986) • He then applied featural information • walls • corners • The rats still made errors, though most of these were rotational errors • He concluded that the rats were responding to the geometry of the box.

  9. Hermer and Spelke (1994) • Tried the Cheng task with toddlers and adults • Disoriented the subjects • Using a cue • Toddlers are not unlike rats • Adults are different, seem to follow the cue • Same in Pike (2001)

  10. adulthood • It is all downhill from here… • Hit your 70s, your brain shrinks… • There is general cognitive slowing (probably) which accounts for some semantic memory problems • Episodic memory declines too • Could be due to encoding (Simon’s work)

  11. Inhibition deficit hypothesis • More susceptible to interference • Longer reading times • More easily distracted using distractor tasks • Sustained activation of irrelevant material • In sum, it is probably a combination of overall cognitive slowing and a problem with inhibition

  12. conclusions • The development that happens with kids in amazing • Functionally sensible that we don’t have too many episodic memories from preverbal times • There is decline, but the impact of that decline can be lessened with coping skills

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