Snapshot

1. Snapshot • Make a hypothesis about the following. • The time for different size water drops to fall through vegetable oil. • How high an ice cube will float in different temperatures of water.

2. LS.2 Cells The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells

3. Microscopes • As microscopes got better • More info was found out about cells • Most cells are so small they can’t be seen without a microscope • 1st Microscope • Mid- 1600s • Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

4. Cells • The smallest part of every living thing • Discovered by Scientist Robert Hooke • Used magnifying glass • Looked at cork • Saw empty rooms = cells

5. Cell Theory • Cells are the building blocks of life • Robert Hooke 1665 • All living things are made of cells • 1830s --Schwann- all animals are made up of cells • 1830s --Schleiden- all plants are made up of cells • All cells come from pre-existing cells • Virchow 1858

6. 2 Main Types of Cells • Prokaryotic • No bound nucleus • Oldest kind of cells • Bacteria Kingdom • Eukaryotic • Bound nucleus & organelles • Plant, Animal, Fungi, Protista Kingdom

7. Snapshot • ______ are the building blocks of life. • Schwann said that all _____ were made of cells. • _____ says that all living things are made of cells and that cells come from ______ cells. • ______ help us to know more about cells.

8. Organelles Plant Cells 3 C’s • Cell Wall • Central Vacuole • Chloroplast • Bound structures in cells that have specific job (functions) • Most found in Eukaryotic Plant & Animal Cells Animal Cells • Nucleus • Cell Membrane • Cytoplasm • Mitochondrion • Vacuole • Ribosomes • DNA • Endoplasmic Reticulum • Rough • Smooth • Golgi Bodies/ Apparatus • Lysosome

9. Nucleus • “The Brain” • Tells other organelles what to do • Has outer membrane called nuclear membrane

10. Cell Membrane • Outer layer of cell • Outermost in animals • “Gate” • Decides what can come in & leave the cell

11. Cell Wall • Outermost layer in plant cells • Gives cell shape • Made of cellulose

12. Cytoplasm • Jelly-like fluid in cells • Holds other organelles

13. Snapshot • _____ was the first person to observe the cell. • The _____ states that all living things are made up of cells. • Cells only come from _____ cells. • What organelles do plant cells have that animals cells do not?

14. Mitochondrion • “Powerhouse” • Where energy is created in the cell

15. Vacuole • Empty sacks • “Storage Bins” • Used for storage • Water • Waste • Food

16. Central Vacuole • Extremely large vacuole • Found in plant cells • Used mainly for water storage

17. Ribosomes • Make proteins for the cell • Small beads • Found on rough ER • Loose in cytoplasm

18. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • “Postman” • 2 Types • Smooth • Rough • Has ribosomes on it • Folded membranes • Transportation system in cell found near nucleus • Ships things around the cell • From nucleus to other organelles

19. DNA • “Molecule of life” • Deoxyriobnucleic acid • Genetic material • Found in nucleus • Used to make new cells

20. Chloroplast • where plants make their food • Contain chlorophyll • Green pigment

21. Lysosome • Sac full of strong acids • Digestive juices • Destroy waste • Open up to destroy cell • Lysis = cell death

22. Golgi Bodies (Apparatus) • Folded membrane • “UPS” • Pack things up to leave cell • Vesicles • Wrapped packages

23. Snapshot • ________ are the building blocks of life. • _______ is the brain of the cell. • _______ is responsible for transporting and processing thing inside the cell. • Plant cells have ____ more organelles than animal cells

24. Cell Cycle • Entire life of a cell including growth & reproduction • Repeats over and over (cycle • Until cell dies • 3 main parts • Interphase • Mitosis / Meiosis • Cytokinesis

26. Interphase • Longest phase of cell cycle • Cell grows • DNA is copied • Appear as chromosomes • 2 identical chromatids • Centromere- button holding 2 together • Organelles are duplicated

27. Chromosomes

28. Nuclear division Occurs in body cells Growth Multicellular organisms Living things w/ 2 or more cells Reproduction Unicellular organisms Living things w/ only 1 cells Makes 2 identical cells Nuclear division Occurs in sex cells Egg & sperm Growth Multicellular organisms Living things w/ 2 or more cells Reproduction Multicellular “sexual” combining DNA of 2 organisms Makes 4 cells Mitosis vs. Meiosis

29. It Positively Makes A Twin Celebrate Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis Mitosis

30. Snapshot • The cell cycle has _(1)__ main parts. __(2)___ is the longest phase. During this phase the cell __(3)___ and __(4)___ and __(5)____ are copied.

31. Prophase • 1st step of Mitosis or Meiosis • Spindle fibers form • Threads • Centrioles appear at poles • Opposite ends of cells

32. Metaphase • Centromeres attach to spindle fibers • Chromosomes line up in middle • Meta= middle

33. Anaphase • Spindle fibers tighten • Chromosomes break apart at centromere into chromatids • Move to opposite ends of cell

34. Telophase • 2 Nuclear membranes form • Around each set of chromosomes • Chromosomes appear as chromatin (stringy threads) • Last step of mitosis

35. Cytokinesis • Cell division • Animal cells • Cell membrane pinches in • Plant cells • New cell wall begins to form • Two new daughter cells • Identical nucleus • Identical chromosomes • TWINS!!!!!!

36. Snapshot • Put the steps of the cell cycle in order starting with interphase. • During _____ the chromosomes line up in the middle. • At the end of telophase there are 2 identical ____. • After cytokinesis & mitosis there are 2 identical ______ ______ with the _____ number of chromosomes.

37. Snapshot • The scientist who named the cell was _____. • DNA is located in the ________ of the cell. • DNA is ___________________.

38. Snapshot Compare & contrast renewable vs. nonrenewable resources (use a venn diagram)