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Human Evolution

This comprehensive overview explores the fascinating evolutionary journey of humans, highlighting our closest relatives, the chimpanzees, with whom we share nearly 99% of our DNA. Key adaptations in primates are examined, including enlarged brains, opposable thumbs, and complex social systems, while also detailing how humans have distinguished themselves through characteristics like bi-pedalism, larger skulls, and unique hand dexterity. Understand the factors that enabled humans to dominate the world and develop sophisticated tools and social behaviors.

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Human Evolution

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  1. Human Evolution By: Mr. Fletcher and Mr. Kelly Chimpanzees are the closest living relatives of humans and share nearly 99 percent of our DNA!

  2. Mutations – OsteogenesisImperfecta

  3. What are general adaptations of Primates?

  4. 1) Enlarged Brains • 2) Opposable Thumbs – allows use of basic tools • 3) Complex social systems • 4) Adapted to living in trees – Safe from attack, and source of food • 5) Teeth (4-cusped) • 6) Flexible shoulder, rotating forearm • 7) Eyes facing forward (predator adaptation) - Depth perception

  5. 1) Enlarged Brains • 2) Opposable Thumbs – allows use of basic tools • 3) Complex social systems • 4) Adapted to living in trees – Safe from attack, and source of food • 5) Teeth (4-cusped) • 6) Flexible shoulder, rotating forearm • 7) Eyes facing forward (predator adaptation) - Depth perception

  6. How have humans further evolved from other primates?

  7. 1) Bi-pedalism • 2) Pelvic Bones – Due to differences in stature • 3) Less Hair – Because of bi-pedalism • 4) Skull/ Brain Size – Even larger than the other primates. (Human ~1300cc, gorilla ~500cc) • 5) Spinal Column Position • 6) Larger Pelvic opening because of larger heads. • 7) Humans can extend thumb further across the hand, giving them exceptional ability to grasp and manipulate objects.

  8. Spinal Column Position

  9. 1) Bi-pedalism • 2) Pelvic Bones – Due to differences in stature • 3) Less Hair – Because of bi-pedalism • 4) Skull/ Brain Size – Even larger than the other primates. (Human ~1300cc, gorilla ~500cc) • 5) Spinal Column Position • 6) Larger Pelvic opening because of larger heads. • 7) Humans can extend thumb further across the hand, giving them exceptional ability to grasp and manipulate objects.

  10. Why do humans ‘control’ the World? • Our ‘massive’ brains allow us to... • Use multiple complex languages • Have highly evolved social behaviours • Design and craft sophisticated tools

  11. References http://www.scientificamerican.com/media/inline/what-makes-us-human_1.jpg http://www.gghjournal.com/volume23/2/images/feature2.jpg http://blog.oregonlive.com/pdxgreen/2008/02/chimp.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_E8BpJEni77I/SZmbTvpe8ZI/AAAAAAAAIIY/CfBiwF8garc/s400/bushchimp.jpg http://www.commquest.at/comenius/images/language_books.gif http://www.toothclub.gov.hk/en/images/en_1_1_4_img2.jpg

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